نتایج جستجو برای: social development and informal institutions
تعداد نتایج: 17147652 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Economic infrastructure plays an important role in the economic growth of developing countries. An increase in the informal sector of the economy will lead to lower tax bases, less production of basic public infrastructure and public services, and ultimately lower economic growth. As a developing country in need of economic growth, Iran is currently embroiled in sanctions in various dimensions,...
The aim of this paper is investigating the impacts of residents empowering in physical and environmental improvements in informal settlements. This place has some problems such as safety, health and environmental that Managers and municipal authorities should take action to fix them. In this regard The NGOs as an intermediary between the people and town officials could have a significant role i...
Exchanges are governed by a set of formal institutions (contracts, incentives, authority) and informal institutions (norms, routines, political processes) which are deeply intertwined. However, for the most part, informal institutions are treated as exogenous forces changing the benefits to use alternative formal structures, and formal institutions are treated as mere functional substitutes of ...
Social evolution is one of the most rapidly developing areas in evolutionary biology. A main theme is the emergence of cooperation among organisms, including the factors that impede cooperation. Although animal societies seem to have no formal institutions, such as courts or legislatures, we argue that biology presents many examples where an interaction can properly be thought of as an informal...
interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author. They do not necessarily represent the views of the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent. Abstract Neoclassical economics maintains that a legal system is required to foster anonymous exchange and hence efficiency. In contrast, social scientists from other disciplines emphas...
The application of information technologies (specially the Internet, Web 2.0 and social tools) make informal learning more visible. This kind of learning is not linked to an institution or a period of time, but it is important enough to be taken into account. On the one hand, learners should be able to communicate to the institutions they are related to, what skills they possess, whether they w...
development management is one of the newest fields of social sciences brought about by multidisciplinary approaches. the roots of these approaches are traced in the writings of adorno, horkheimer, marcuse and habermas, pioneers of the frankfurt school. as an interdisciplinary field, mostly applied, development management is obviously the fruit of civil society, a society that values participato...
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due to extraordinary large amount of information and daily sharp increasing claimant for ui benefits and because of serious constraint of financial barriers, the importance of handling fraud detection in order to discover, control and predict fraudulent claims is inevitable. we use the most appropriate data mining methodology, methods, techniques and tools to extract knowledge or insights from ...
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