background: ionizing radiation causes cognitive impairment in adult brain. however, the effects of various irradiation protocols with fractionated fixed total dose on hippocampal function have not yet been studied. materials and methods: fractionated whole brain irradiation with a total dose of 36 gy was performed according to the following protocols: 2gy-18 fractions (2gy*18), 4gy-9 fraction (...

diabetes mellitus is associated with distribution of cognitive functioning. hyperglycemia diabetes mellitus is associated with distribution of cognitive functioning. hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress has been proposed as a cause of memory complications of diabetes including cognitive impairment. the aim of this study was to examine total green tea extract (tgte), a potent free radical scav...

the hippocampal system plays an important role in memory function. neurohormones like androgens and estrogens that syntheses in hippocampus have an important role in learning and memory. many biological effects of estrogens in the brain via estrogenic receptors (ers) are investigated. the current research has conducted to assess the effect of estrogenic receptors on spatial discrimination in ra...

objective(s) the possible risks of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (emf) for the living organisms and human body are a growing concern for our society. in this study, we examined the possibility of changes in working memory and hippocampal histological characteristics effects in mice brain following whole body exposure to microwave radiation. materials and methods during gestation period...

there are several conflicting evidences showing the effect of morphine on learning and memory processes. in the present study the effect of chronic morphine administration on passive avoidance, active avoidance and spatial learning and memory of morphine dependent male rats using passive avoidance shuttle box and morris water maze tasks were investigated, respectively. male rats received morphi...

introduction: kisspeptin-13 (kp-13) is a novel endogenous factor, increases synaptic transmission and is involved in several behavioral functions such as anxiety, locomotion, epilepsy and avoidance learning. however, the role of this peptide on cognition has not been well clarified yet. here we studied the effect of kisspeptin-13 pretreatment on spatial learning and also interaction with cholin...

background: testosterone and its metabolites have important roles in learning and memory. the current study has conducted to assess the effect of pre-training, post-training and pre-probe trial intrahippocampal ca1 administration of 3 alpha-anderostanediol (one of the metabolites of testosterone) and indomethacin (as 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme blocker) on acquisition, consolida...

ca1 region of hippocampus has an important role in learning and memory. previous reports have shown that androgens like testosterone and its metabolites are present in high concentration in ca1 region of hippocampus. androgen receptors have also high density in this region. therefore, it is suggested that neurohormones in ca1 have an important role in learning and memory. it is likely that test...

Introduction: Consumption of vitamin D3 is effective to reduce intensity of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Neurons of the central nervous system are constantly exposed to reactive oxygen species and these factors play a key role in the destruction of myelin and damage of axons. The hippocampus is a vital center for learning and memory in central nervous system. This area is ...