OBJECTIVES Nonionizing radiation is emitted from electronic devices, such as smartphones. In this study, we intended to elucidate the effect of electromagnetic radiation from smartphones on spatial working memory and progenitor cell proliferation in the hippocampus. METHODS Both male and female mice were randomly separated into two groups (radiated and control) and the radiated group was expo...

Cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia (CDS) are implicated as a core symptom cluster of the disease and are associated with poor daily life functioning. Unfortunately, current antipsychotic agents provide little alleviation of CDS, representing a critical unmet therapeutic need. Here we investigated the effects of ABT-239 and A-431404, non-imidazole histamine H(3) receptor (H(3)R) an...

Background and Objective: Epilepsy is a long-lasting central nervous system disorder that is accompany with spontaneous seizures and insufficiency in learning and memory. Now drug treatment is the most common therapy but some patients do not research to suitable control of their seizures with current drugs. Hence, new treatment is needed to help those patients that are unaffected to existing dr...

Neuronal voltage gated calcium channels (VGCCs) including Cav2.1 and Cav2.2 channels mediate the presynaptic machinery for vesicular release of neurotransmitters. However, the role of different VGCCs in the neural circuits underlying spatial short-term memory has not been studied. Although it has been reported that spatial cognition requires Cav2.1-regulated signaling in the hippocampus, Cav2.2...

Introduction: Methadone has been used as a drug to detoxify opioid tolerance. Naloxane precipitated morphine withdrawal behaviours were attenuated by venlafaxine as an antidepressant. On the contrary, after detoxifying the opioids, spontaneous withdrawal syndrome may occur with pain sensitivity. Therefore the present study aimed to examine the effects of chronic methadone (70 mg/kg, in dr...

background and objective: epilepsy is a long-lasting central nervous system disorder that is accompany with spontaneous seizures and insufficiency in learning and memory. now drug treatment is the most common therapy but some patients do not research to suitable control of their seizures with current drugs. hence, new treatment is needed to help those patients that are unaffected to existing dr...

Studies spanning 15 species (including American mink, Neovison vison) demonstrate that within similarly-housed populations, individuals displaying high levels of stereotypic behaviour (SB) typically show perseverative responding (e.g. during set-shifting, or reversal/extinction learning). Similar correlations in autism and schizophrenia suggest this indicates captivity-induced cortico-striatal ...

Severe mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is a progressive lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the IDS gene, leading to a deficiency in the iduronate-2-sulfatase enzyme that is involved in heparan sulphate and dermatan sulphate catabolism. In constitutive form, MPS II is a multi-system disease characterised by progressive neurocognitive decline, severe skeletal abnormalities an...