This paper gives sufficient conditions for a class of bang-bang extremals with multiple switches to be locally optimal in the strong topology. The conditions are the natural generalizations of the ones considered in [5, 13] and [16]. We require both the strict bang-bang Legendre condition, and the second order conditions for the finite dimensional problem obtained by moving the switching times ...

This paper gives sufficient conditions for a class of bang-bang extremals with multiple switches to be locally optimal in the strong topology. The conditions are the natural generalizations of the ones considered in [5, 14] and [16]. We require both the strict bang-bang Legendre condition, and the second order conditions for the finite dimensional problem obtained by moving the switching times ...

The topology of cellular DNA is carefully controlled by enzymes called topoisomerases. By using single-molecule techniques, we monitored the activity of two type IA topoisomerases in real time under conditions in which single relaxation events were detected. The strict one-at-a-time removal of supercoils we observed establishes that these enzymes use an enzyme-bridged strand-passage mechanism t...

A distinctive feature of modern functional logic languages like Toy or Curry is the possibility of programming non-strict and non-deterministic functions with call-time choice semantics. For almost ten years the CRWL framework [6,7] has been the only formal setting covering all these semantic aspects. But recently [1] an alternative proposal has appeared, focusing more on operational aspects. I...

Considering a commutative unital quantale L as the truth value table and using the tool of L-generalized convergence structures of stratified L-filters, this paper introduces a kind of fuzzy upper topology, called fuzzy S-upper topology, on L-preordered sets. It is shown that every fuzzy join-preserving L-subset is open in this topology. When L is a complete Heyting algebra, for every completel...

in this paper‎, ‎we introduce a new model of point free topology‎ ‎for point-set topology‎. ‎we study the basic concepts in this‎ ‎structure and will find that it is naturally close to point-set‎ ‎topology‎.‎

this paper introduces a new approach to topology, based on category theory and universal algebra, and called categorically-algebraic (catalg) topology. it incorporates the most important settings of lattice-valued topology, including poslat topology of s.~e.~rodabaugh, $(l,m)$-fuzzy topology of t.~kubiak and a.~v{s}ostak, and $m$-fuzzy topology on $l$-fuzzy sets of c.~guido. moreover, its respe...

In his [2011], Lionel Shapiro proposes a very interesting deflationist conception of logical consequence, according to which the logical-consequence predicate applying to sentences serves as a merely expressive device allowing us to talk in a generalising way about typically non-linguistic entailment facts (just as, according to a deflationist conception of truth, the truth predicate applying t...

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