We present the frailtyHL package for fitting semi-parametric frailty models using hlikelihood. This package allows lognormal or gamma frailties for random-effect distribution, and it fits shared or multilevel frailty models for correlated survival data. Functions are provided to format and summarize the frailtyHL results. The estimates of fixed effects and frailty parameters and their standard ...

In this study the effects of machining parameters such as shearing speed, feed rate, tool diameter and machining depth on different milling strategies i.e. 3D offset, spiral, raster and radial to produce the convex surface made of epoxy/glass composites is investigated. The effects of mentioned strategies on output parameters such as surface roughness and milling removal rate is also studied. T...

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The Choice Between Fixed and Random Effects Models: Some Considerations for Educational Research We discuss fixed and random effects models in the context of educational research and set out the assumptions behind the two approaches. To illustrate the issues, we analyse the determinants of pupil achievement in primary school, using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. ...

Treated sea water is the most significant source of water and surfactant floods. The various chemicals employed in treatment plants should be compatible with surfactant systems. Based on surface tension experiments, the activity of these chemicals is examined over a wide range of concentrations in different solutions, including distillated water, sea water by using three types of surfactant mix...

The Energy Institute (EI) has supported and co-ordinated an oil and gas industry project to investigate potential measures for the ageing effects on Safety Critical Elements (SCEs) as defined by the offshore safety regulations Prevention of Fire and Explosion, and Emergency Response, (PFEER), and Design and Construction etc. (DCR). This investigation has led to a measurement method of business ...

skidding operations can cause considerable and wide spread soil disturbance. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ground skidding operations on soil compaction, moisture content, and total porosity at different levels of slope and traffic frequency. four levels of traffic intensity (3, 8, 13, and >13 passes of a crawler tractor onezhets ? 110) and three levels of slope ( 2...

In studies of subjective well-being, economists and other researchers typically use a fixed or random effect estimation to control for unobservable heterogeneity across individuals. Such individual heterogeneity, although substantially reducing the estimated effect of many characteristics, is little understood. This paper shows that personality measures can account for 20% of this heterogeneity...

treated sea water is the most significant source of water and surfactant floods. the various chemicals employed in treatment plants should be compatible with surfactant systems. based on surface tension experiments, the activity of these chemicals is examined over a wide range of concentrations in different solutions, including distillated water, sea water by using three types of surfactant mix...

Surface roughness (SR) has an adverse effect on the appearance of low-carbon steel parts, formed in the asymmetric incremental sheet forming (AISF) process, particularly those requiring painting operation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of AISF process parameters on the surface roughness of an asymmetric part formed on low-carbon steel sheets. The parameters are feed ra...