This experiment is an investigation of used cooking oil as a sustainable and renewable resource for methyl ester production. with more than 95.5% production yield, thermally activated hydrated cement has been carefully discussed as a catalyst in the transesterification of used cooking oil into methyl ester to use waste cement as a heterogeneous catalyst for methyl ester production through elect...

The root cause of agricultural land degradation and decreasing productivity–as seen in terms of loss of soil health–is our low soil­carbon farming paradigm of intensive tillage which disrupts and debilitates many important soil­mediated ecosystem functions. For the most part agricultural soils in tillage­based farming without organic surface residue protection are becoming de­structured and com...

The root cause of agricultural land degradation and decreasing productivity – as seen in terms of loss of soil health -is our low soil-carbon farming paradigm of intensive tillage which disrupts and debilitates many important soil-mediated ecosystem functions. For the most part agricultural soils in tillage-based farming without organic surface residue protection are becoming de-structured and ...

Animal welfare is a key pillar of sustainability in livestock farming but can be challenging to deliver improvements when productivity high. In October 2013, the Red Tractor UK national dairy assurance scheme introduced outcome monitoring on its 11,500 farms, covering 95% milk produced. Here we show that 98 farm assessors achieved high levels agreement with gold standard and report data they co...