Level-set based inverse lithography technology (ILT) treats photomask design for microlithography as an inverse mathematical problem, interpreted with a time-dependent model, and then solved as a partial differential equation with finite difference schemes. This paper focuses on developing level-set based ILT for partially coherent systems, and upon that an expectation-orient optimization frame...

Many developing countries are liberalizing their economies to allow higher equity participation by the foreign firms. We argue that the possibility of joint venture can reduce the number of technology transfers. Hence, joint venture can reduce the welfare of a host-country by creating higher market-concentration. However, higher profit generation under joint venture encourages the foreign firm ...

technology transmission has engaged not only developing countries but also many western research communities. foreign direct investment is a commonly used method to transfer the technology. since specific studies on factors affecting the transmission of technology through foreign direct investment has not been made in nanotechnology, the purpose of this study is to identify the issues affecting...

Kyoto Protocol allows developing countries to obtain technology transfer from developed countries under the framework of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Although South Africa is an ideal country to implement CDM projects, it lags behind many other countries in the number of CDM projects. This result prohibits South Africa to obtain technology transfer. This paper studies what licensing mode ...

It is now evident that sustainability of an organisation is affected by its capability for the utilisation and development of new technologies. This potential, as the engine of strategic development of organisations, is based on the quality and quantity of the transfer of technology into organisations in both developed and developing countries. The fact that organisations in the first world are...

This contribution focuses on illuminating the challenges and difficulties of North-South technology transfer. The central message of this paper is that North-South technology transfer is not simply a contract between two transacting firms and does not depend only on intra-firm and inter-firm factors. The process may also be influenced by a number of external factors, beyond the control or power...

0

technology transfer relationship between academic and productive sector possess a major concern in the modern societies. it is considered as a process by which knowledge and research result or technology for using, improving and/ or developing outputs, products and production processes are exchanged between the two sectors. although university- industry technology transfer is fundamental to the...