PAPS-reductase from Escherichia coli was employed to detect thioredoxins from pro- and eukaryotic organisms. A simple method for the isolation of this enzyme and properties of the enzymatic assay were described. A comparison between thioredoxins detected by the PAPS-reductase and the Fructose-bisphosphatase or NADP malate dehydrogenase was used to assess the validity of the test. The high cross...

Gpxs (glutathione peroxidases) constitute a family of peroxidases, including selenocysteine- or cysteine-containing isoforms (SeCys-Gpx or Cys-Gpx), which are regenerated by glutathione or Trxs (thioredoxins) respectively. In the present paper we show new data concerning the substrates of poplar Gpx5 and the residues involved in its catalytic mechanism. The present study establishes the capacit...

A wireless network employs some portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to establish communications between the transmitter/receiver network antennas, called TRXs. A certain part of the electromagnetic spectrum is licensed to the company operating the network and is divided into discrete channels. Each TRX must operate through one channel, although whenever two TRXs overlap their coverage areas...

Thioredoxins are small thiol-oxidoreductase enzymes that control cellular redox homeostasis. Paradoxically, human thioredoxin (TXN1) was first identified as the adult T cell leukemia-derived factor (ADF), a secreted protein. ADF has been implicated in a wide variety of cell-to-cell communication systems acting as a cytokine or a chemokine. TRX80 is a truncated TXN1 protein with cytokine activit...

Small scale thermal devices, such as micro heater, have led researchers to consider more accurate models of heat in thermal systems. Moreover, biological applications of heat transfer such as simulation of temperature field in laser surgery is another pathway which urges us to re-examine thermal systems with modern ones. Non-Fourier heat transfer overcomes some shortcomings of Fourier heat tran...

Photosynthesis is a process that inevitably produces reactive oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide, which is reduced by chloroplast-localized detoxification mechanisms one of which involves 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (2-Cys Prxs). Arabidopsis chloroplasts contain two very similar 2-Cys Prxs (denoted A and B). These enzymes are reduced by two pathways: NADPH thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC), which ...

Together with thioredoxins (Trxs), plant peroxiredoxins (Prxs), and sulfiredoxins (Srxs) are involved in antioxidant defense and redox signaling, while their regulation by post-translational modifications (PTMs) is increasingly regarded as a key component for the transduction of the bioactivity of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Among these PTMs, S-glutathionylation is considered a protec...

in this paper, free convection in an inclined stepped chamber has been studied. one wall of this enclosure is kept cold and the opposite wall equipped with constant heat source. the remaining walls are maintained adiabatic. there is one adiabatic step on the bottom wall. the aim of the present study is to forecast the effect of raleigh number, slope of enclosure, step dimension, and heat source...