Executive functions are a hallmark of human cognition. These functions, including working memory and cognitive control, rely upon a healthy, intact prefrontal cortex. Working memory and cognitive control deficits—along with frontal lobe dysfunction—are observed in diseases such as ADHD and autism, which are the developmental disorders most strongly associated with executive functioning (as inde...

BACKGROUND Few studies have compared cognitive functions in multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and Parkinson's disease (PD). AIM To compare the results of cognitive function tests in the three diseases and examine their relation with the severity of parkinsonism. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Clinic-based open prospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Global cognitiv...

The present study aimed to examine any possible relevance of perfectionism as a personal trait variable, in moderating the effectiveness of meta-cognitive instruction on bottom-up and top-down sub-processes of listening comprehension with a sample of EFL learners in Iranian context. To this end, 94 female EFL learners were selected from among 136 EFL learners at Andisheh Language Institute in M...

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between cognitive functions such as attention, working memory, long-term memory, planning, i.e. executive functions, theory of mind, and pragmatic deficits resulting as a consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Communicative disorders represent a typical outcome in TBI patients, even if their linguistic abilities remain virtually...

Moving and acting underwater within recreational or occupational activities require intact executive functions, since they subserve higher cognitive functions such as successful self-regulation, coping with novel situations, and decision making; all of which could be influenced by nitrogen narcosis due to elevated partial pressure under water. However, specific executive functions that could pr...

A recent proposal that structures of the medial temporal lobe support visual perception in addition to memory challenges the long-standing idea that the ability to acquire new memories is separable from other cognitive and perceptual functions. In four experiments, we have put this proposal to a rigorous test. Six memory-impaired patients with well characterized lesions of either the hippocampa...

objective(s):neurotoxicity of anticancer drugs complicates treatment of cancer patients. vinblastine (vbl) is reported to induce motor and cognitive impairments in patients receiving chronic low-dose regimen. materials and methods: the effects of vbl treatment on motor, learning and memory functions of male and female wistar rats were studied by behavioral related tests. animals were given chro...

Alzheimer’s Disease, as other mental and neurological disorders, is difficult to diagnose since it affects several cognitive abilities shared with other impairments. Current diagnostic mainly consists of neuropsychological tests and history obtained from the patient and relatives. In this paper we propose a methodology for the characterization of probable AD based on the computational cognitive...

Awake surgery with electrocorticosubcortical stimulation is the golden standard treatment for gliomas in eloquent areas. Preoperatively, mostly mild cognitive disturbances are observed with postoperative deterioration. We describe pre- and postoperative profiles of 4 patients (P1-P4) with gliomas in "critical" language areas ("Broca," "Wernicke," and the arcuate fasciculus) undergoing awake sur...