A Si adatom on a Si(111)-(7 × 7) reconstructed surface is a typical atomic feature that can rather easily be imaged by a non-contact atomic force microscope (nc-AFM) and can be thus used to test the atomic resolution of the microscope. Based on our first principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we demonstrate that the structure of the termination of the AFM tip plays a decisive ...

background: accurate working length determination is a pre-requisite for a successful endodontic treatment. even with improved systems of working length measurement, different readings may be recorded in different electrolytes present in the canal. the purpose of this in vivo/ex vivo comparative study was to determine the accuracy in measuring the working length of root canal using direct digit...

In this paper, a simple and reproducible approach for attaching the multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) to the apex of the atomic force microscope probe has been proposed. For this purpose, the dielectrophoresis method was applied due to its simple performance, cheapness and reliability. In this method, various parameters such as voltage, frequency, concentration of carbon nanotubes solution an...

A technique is described to measure a surface self-diffusion coefficient (D) of a metal (gold) by scanning tunneling microscopy. Micro-hills formed on a gold face show a shape evolution by a diffusion transport of kink site atoms. D is determined via a measurement of the hill apex radius as a function of time and includes corrections of image errors. The technique shows that STM can be used to ...

BACKGROUND Humeral head fractures and their postoperative outcome remain a challenging problem in surgical daily routine. Predictive factors for loss of fixation are rare. OBJECTIVE Determination of predictive factors for the failure of osteosynthesis with the loss of fixation or migration of screws in humeral head fractures. METHOD From 1995 to 2011, 408 patients with proximal humeral frac...

The Tip Apex Distance (TAD) is a simple measurement that predicts screw cut-out in the femoral head from trochanteric fractures treated with a fixed angle sliding hip screw device [1]. It uses a numerical value to show placement of the screw in the head: higher values indicating higher likelihood of fixation failure by extrusion of the screw. Currently the cost of hip fracture care in the UK is...

After one decade of analyzing the intrinsic properties of graphene, interest into the development of graphene-based devices and micro electromechanical systems is increasing. Here, we fabricate graphene-coated atomic force microscope tips by growing the graphene on copper foil and transferring it onto the apex of a commercially available AFM tip. The resulting tip exhibits surprising enhanced r...

Tips of young Phycomyces sporangiophores were dusted with starch grains, and growth photographically recorded. Rates of longitudinal displacement from the cell tip of individual markers were determined, also corresponding rates of change of cell diameter. From these the magnitude and spatial distribution of "relative elemental growth rates" along both longitudinal and circumferential axes of th...

This paper investigates response of triangular shell strip footings situated on the sandy slope. A series of reduced-scale plate load tests were conducted to cover different parameters including three shell footing types with different apex angles in addition to a flat footing, four different distances for strip footings from the crest of the slope namely “edge distance” and reinforcement statu...