A novel charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS) diagnostic method is presented, which uses a simple thermal gas puff for its donor neutral source, instead of the typical high-energy neutral beam. This diagnostic, named gas puff CXRS (GP-CXRS), is used to measure ion density, velocity, and temperature in the tokamak edge/pedestal region with excellent signal-background ratios, and has ...

This study was conducted to determine in vitro crude protein degradation (IVDP) parameters and effective crude protein degradability (EPD) of various feeds using the modified in vitro gas production (GP) technique. Feed samples were alfalfa hay, soybean meal, soybean, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal and fish meal. Rumen fluid was collected before the morning feeding from four rumen fistulated lam...

Sheep adapted to consume tannins rich feeds such as oak leaf (OL) appear to develop defensive mechanisms by their ruminal bacteria against these polyphenols. The capabilities of ruminal isolated tannins resistant bacteria from these animals to ferment a tanniniferous feed (i.e., pistachio hulls, (PH) which were incubated with rumen fluid from Holstein dairy cows was assessed. Six g positive coc...

the nutritive value of pistachio epicarp (pe) was evaluated by in situ and in vitro techniques. chemical analysis indicated that pe was high in crude protein (11.30%) and low in neutral detergent fiber (26.20%). total phenols, total tannins, condensed tannins and hydrolysable tannins contents in pe were 8.29%, 4.48%, 0.49% and 3.79%, respectively. ruminal dry matter and crude protein degradatio...

the chemical composition, in situ  rumen degradability coefficients of dry matter (dm) and crude protein (cp), in vitro gas production and in vivo  digestibility were evaluated for olive cake (oc) silage treated (dm basis) with different additives as follows: (1) untreated oc; (2) oc, 8% molasses and 0.4% formic acid and (3) oc, 8% molasses, 0.4% formic acid and 0.5% urea. after addition of the...

introduction oxidative stress is an inevitable consequence of intensive production due to mismatched balance between free radical production and natural antioxidant capacity of animals. reactive oxygen species (ros) refers to a group of free radicals produced by oxidative energy cycle and also recently demonstrated to be as a weapon for macrophage cells. moreover, feed processing phenomena such...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects inclusion País grape marc (GM) in high (HF) and low forage (LF) ruminant diets on rumen methane (CH4) production fermentation parameters an vitro (batch) culture. Experimental treatments replaced for GM at increasing concentrations (0, 10%, 20% dry matter [DM]) incubation substrates. Gas (GP) CH4 were measured 6, 12 24 h DM disappearance, ...

AIM The present study was conducted to examine the rumen modulatory effect of thyme, clove and peppermint oils on rumen fermentation pattern in vitro using roughage based diet. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thyme, clove and peppermint oils were tested at concentration of 0, 30, 300 and 600 mg/l (ppm) of total culture fluid using in vitro gas production technique in wheat straw based diet (concentrate...

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the replacement effect of soybean meal (SBM) at different levels (0 as D1, 33 as D2, 67 as D3 and 100% as D4 based on crude protein (CP) content) by guar meal (GM) on ruminal gas production kinetics, ruminal digestibility and fermentation characteristics of a fattening diet for lambs. Three experiments were conducted. The first experiment of 144-h in...

Reproductive performance in young beef cows is often compromised due to a mismatch of physiological demands and suboptimal environmental conditions. Studies conducted at the Corona Range and Livestock Research Center from 2000 to 2007 evaluated 3 postpartum supplement strategies that varied in the amount of glucogenic potential (GP) supplied. Reproductive variables, milk production, and serum m...