While hemolysis in patients with sepsis is associated with increased mortality its mechanisms are unknown and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 mediated effects, complement-mediated hemolysis, or direct cell membrane effects are all conceivable mechanisms. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that toxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as well as non-toxic RS-LPS evokes hemolysis (1) by direct membrane eff...

background: a strong antimicrobial synergism between chlorhexidine (chx) and hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) has been reported, but there is not enough data on the cytotoxicity of this combination. the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of chx-h2o2 combination in different concentrations and secondary aim is to assess the infl uence of h2o2 on cytotoxicity of chx on cultured hu...

Cigarette mainstream smoke (MS) contains a number of structurally diverse substituted phenols. Recent quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) studies on phenols show that substituted phenols with electron-releasing groups can form potentially toxic phenoxyl-free radicals. In contrast, substituted phenols with electron-withdrawing groups do not form phenoxyl-free radicals but exert t...

Zebrafish is a commonly used species in toxicology studies investigations such as molecular genetics, histopathology and developmental biology. A toxicity test was conducted to investigate the effects of toxic ammonia (NH3) in relation to time and concentration by establishing a measurable endpoints for chemical exposure and monitoring the biological responses on zebrafish exposed to high level...