Adhesion level for the proper running of rail wheelset on track has remained a significant problem for researchers in detecting slippage to avoid accidents. In this paper, the slippage of rail wheels has been observed applying forward and lateral motions to slip velocity and torsion motion. The longitudinal and lateral forces behavior is watched with respect to traction force to note correlatio...

This paper concerns the design and analysis, of a ball type continuously variable transmission, (B-CVT). This B-CVT has a simple kinematic structure, and same as a toroidal CVT, transmits power by friction on the contact points between input and output discs, that are connected to each other by balls. After, a brief introduction of our B-CVT structure, the performa...

background with increasing incidence of traumatic fractures, the use of orthopedic intervention such as traction has increased. inappropriate traction care may cause substantial morbidity and delay the patient rehabilitation. objectives this study was conducted to evaluate the quality of care for patients with traction in the orthopedic unit of kashan's shahid beheshti hospital, kashan, iran. p...

The sliding friction force exerted by stochastic linkers interacting with a moving filament is calculated. The elastic properties of the substrate on which the linkers are anchored are shown to strongly influence the friction force. In some cases, the force is maximal for a finite substrate rigidity. Collective effects give rise to a dynamical instability resulting in a stick-slip behaviour, wh...

The problem is considered of a fibre that is driven dynamically, by compression at one end, into a matrix. The fibre is not initially bonded to the matrix, so that its motion is resisted solely by friction. Prior work based on simplified models has shown that the combination of inertial effects and friction acting over long domains of the fibre–matrix interface gives rise to behaviour that is f...

Stick insects (Carausius morosus) have two distinct types of attachment pad per leg, tarsal "heel" pads (euplantulae) and a pre-tarsal "toe" pad (arolium). Here we show that these two pad types are specialised for fundamentally different functions. When standing upright, stick insects rested on their proximal euplantulae, while arolia were the only pads in surface contact when hanging upside do...

Adhesive organs on the legs of arthropods and vertebrates are strongly direction dependent, making contact only when pulled towards the body but detaching when pushed away from it. Here we show that the two types of attachment pads found in cockroaches (Nauphoeta cinerea), tarsal euplantulae and pretarsal arolium, serve fundamentally different functions. Video recordings of vertical climbing re...