Introduction: Radio echo sounding on Europa may provide estimates of the depth to the brittle-ductile transition. This information should be consistent with the topography spectrum. Here we derive an upper bound on the amplitude and shape of the topog-raphic spectrum that can be supported by the strength of the lithosphere. Topographic features that exceed this upper bound must be supported by ...

By combining the field-weakening control principle of a new axial flux-switching permanent-magnet motor (AFFSSPM) with the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) and maximum torque per voltage (MTPV) control principle, a novel field-weakening control strategy for AFFSSPM is proposed in this paper. In the first stage of the field-weakening, the difference between the reference voltage updat...

Below the sill depth (at about 2400m) of the Alpha-Mendeleyev ridge complex, the waters of the Canada Basin (CB) of the Arctic Ocean are isolated, with a C isolation age of about 500 yr. The potential temperature y decreases with depth to a minimum ymE 0:524 C near 2400m, increases with depth through an approximately 300m thick transition layer to yhE 0.514 C, and then remains uniform from abou...

Surface granular flow, comprising granular material flowing on the surface of a heap of the same material, occurs in several industrial and natural systems. The rheology of such flow is investigated by means of measurements of velocity and number density profiles in a quasi-two-dimensional rotating cylinder, half-filled with a model granular material mono-size spherical stainless steel particle...

We deal with the class B of dot-depth one languages which forms level one of the socalled dot-depth hierarchy. For some fixed alphabet A with jAj , a language L A is in the class B if and only if it can be expressed as a Boolean combination of languages u A u A u A A un A un, where ui A and n . This class is the highest level of the dot-depth hierarchy known to be decidable up to now and a numb...

Well log data are a common source of information for characterizing subsurface environments. A statistical methodology is developed and applied for the interpretation of such data in terms of a multi-state depositional sequence. The well log data is classified into a discrete set of states (e.g., sand, silt, clay) and stratigraphic transitions between these states are described as a continuous ...

We investigate the possibility of creating an intermediate band semiconductor by supersaturating Si with a range of transition metals followed by pulsed laser melting (PLM). Structural characterization shows evidence of either surface segregation or cellular breakdown in all transition metals investigated, preventing the formation of high supersaturations. However, concentration-depth profiling...