We systematically study a collection of refractive phenomena that can possibly occur at the interface of a two-dimensional photonic crystal with the use of the wave vector diagram formalism. Cases with a single propagating beam in the positive or negative direction as well as cases with birefringence were observed. We examine carefully the conditions to obtain a single propagating beam inside t...

The interaction of a high-intensity ultrashort laser pulse with few microns-thick hydrocarbon target is known to accelerate protons/ions multi-MeV, on the rear side target, via mechanism normal sheath acceleration. Micro-structuring front one promising approaches enhance cut-off energy as well reduce divergence accelerated protons/ions. In this paper, normally incident intense targets having si...

For little q-Jacobi polynomials, q-Hahn polynomials and big q-Jacobi polynomials we give particular q-hypergeometric series representations in which the termwise q = 0 limit can be taken. When rewritten in matrix form, these series representations can be viewed as decompositions into a lower triangular matrix times upper triangular matrix. We develop a general theory of such decompositions rela...

Abstract In this study, the monolithic integration of LEDs with different emission colors (wavelengths 543, 573, and 597 nm) directional radiation profiles was demonstrated. InGaN/GaN nanocolumn arrays ordered in a triangular lattice were prepared side by side, changing diameter n-GaN ( D ). The periodic arrangement nanocolumns led to photonic crystal (PC) effect. band edge wavelength λ B ) InG...

Triangular norms in the study of probabilistic metric spaces as a special kind of associative functions defined on the unit interval. These functions have found applications in many areas since then. In this study, we present new methods for constructing triangular norms and triangular conorms on an arbitrary bounded lattice under some constraints. Also, we give some illustrative examples for t...

This letter presents a numerical design method of one-body two-dimensional (2-D) switching matrices with triangular lattice an arbitrary number beams in each horizontal and vertical directions, improving the overlap between 2-D multiple-beam coverage. With proposed matrix configuration, minimum cascaded units consisting mix 1-D couplers phase shifters is found to be smaller than that convention...

Abstract Second harmonic generation (SHG) from metasurfaces consisting of square array split ring, heptagon and triangle cross-polarized double resonant resonators, is investigated both experimentally numerically. The structures are fabricated on single crystalline Au plates using Focused Ion Beam technique. Array the triangular structure exhibits most efficient SHG. Experimental observation ex...