Sand coverings account for a large part of the cost of a project. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of different coatings for filtration of underground drains and reduce the cost of cornfield farms. The experiments were carried out in farm in Salman Farsi. The subsoil drainage was fitted to each test piece with a length of 120 meters, a diameter of 100 mm, and a distance ...

shallot (allium altissimum regel.) is a medicinal, industrial and perennial plant that has underground tubers. it is one of the most important allium species in iran, which normally grows in semi-cold to very cold highlands. because of being a wild plant, shallot is encounter with water deficit during its growth season. therefore evaluation of water requirement of shallot is important. in order...

Precision agriculture (PA) refers to a series of practices and tools necessary to correctly evaluate farming needs. The accuracy and effectiveness of PA solutions are highly dependent on accurate and timely analysis of the soil conditions. In this paper, a proof-of-concept towards an autonomous precision irrigation system is provided through the integration of a center pivot (CP) irrigation sys...

1 Overview and Motivation Existing sensor network deployments for wildlife tracking (e.g. ZebraNet [1]) have concentrated on monitoring animal behaviour above-ground. However, a wide variety of animals create underground tunnels for shelter and protection whilst the animal is asleep. The extent and internal architecture of the underground structure varies considerably amongst species. For examp...

In the present work radon concentration measurements were performed for one year in 12 different boron, chromium and coal underground mines in Western Turkey. Lucas cells and nuclear track detectors were used for the measurements of radon and its decay products. The effects of parameters, such as type of mine, gallery depth and ventilation rate, on the radon concentration in mine air were exami...

For simple theoretical models of an underground explosion, two apparently different relationships between isotropic moment and volume change have been published. We show that there is no inconsistency, because these relationships are based on two different definitions of volume change at the explosion source. We report observations of three 25-ton chemical explosions conducted in 1997 at the fo...

As the utilization range of smart devices for infrastructure has widen its application owing to flourishing of smart devices, studies on the technologies to graft IT onto underground utilities are actively carried out. In particular, as underground utilities have a characteristic of invisibility, studies on a management system converged with augmented reality are demanded for the efficient mana...