BACKGROUND Almost one third of the global population is living in developing South Asia where disease occurrence is high especially in rural areas and people are unaware of water-borne diseases and cost of illness. METHODS The quantitative approach involved questionnaire based study (n=50 households). The community awareness, the occurrence of water-borne diseases with related cost of illness...

background: intestinal parasitic infections have a worldwide distribution. high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in individuals with low socioeconomic status and environmental conditions was found. no study has ever been conducted on the prevalence of these infections in jiroft. therefore, in this study prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was evaluated in jiroft, kerman p...

The regional water allocation planning is one of those complex decision problems where holistic approach to water supply management considering different criteria would be valuable. However, multi-criteria decision making with diverse indicators measured on different scales and uncertainty levels is difficult to solve. Objective of this paper is to develop scenarios for the future imbalances in...

energy costs comprise considerable amount of operation costs in water distribution networks. optimal management of energy costs to provide required water for consumers with desired quality is of high importance. to achieve this, optimization is defined as a powerful tool. in this paper, by focusing on operation phase, multi-objective optimization of water supply network considering hydraulic, q...

In August 2012, a literature search with the aim of describing indicators on food and water security in an Arctic health context was initialized in collaboration between the Arctic Human Health Expert Group, SDWG/AHHEG and the AMAP (Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme within the Arctic Council) Human Health Assessment Group, AMAP/HHAG. In December 2012, workshop discussions were performe...

supply chain management is a set of guidelines for integration of chains, which aims to reduce costs and increase system services to customers. one of the most important issues for supply chain stockholders is procuring and purchasing requested items in a timely manner. thus, a variety of models have been proposed as purchasing strategy in supply chains. group purchasing is a system which leads...

abstract: an efficient supply chain system operates under a strategy to minimize costs by integrating the different functions inside the system and by meeting customer demands in time. in this paper, an integrated supply-production and distribution planning (spdp) is considered despite the fact that in most of the papers, part of the supply chain has been studied, not all parts. therefore, we d...

abstract water pricing is a policy instrument for improving water efficiency, reducing water demand, management of the irrigation systems and recovering costs. the underlying principle of water pricing is that it should reflect the opportunity cost of water. in this study, parametric mathematical programming approache were used to estimate the willingness of farmers to pay for groundwater under...