Background and Aim: Preparation of tooth structure by laser systems produces a surface with different characteristics. Therefore, selecting an appropriate bonding system is necessary to achieve the maximum bond strength. The aim of this study was to compare the bond strength of Adper Single Bond 2 adhesive and Single Bond Univer-sal to dentin prepared by bur or laser. Materials and Methods: ...

tiles and tilework has developed in islamic civilization based on pre-islamic iranian art and then spread out from spain to central asia. herein, iran has played an individual role among different islamic countries and remnants of various tileworks across this wide territory are clear evidences to this claim. among different species of tiles and tile decorations, we face with specific types of ...

This paper presents the petrographic and textural characterization of some ornamental limestones widely used in UNESCO World Heritage Sites northeastern Italy, assessment main decay factors present environment where they are employed. Eleven carbonate building materials have been here considered, all commonly built Italy: two different varieties Vicenza Stone (Nanto Costozza), Verona (Red Brown...

Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and rodents possess continuously growing teeth, and dental problems are a major health issue in these species. Knowledge of tooth growth characteristics is required to adequately treat dental problems and advise owners concerning diets. Most research was performed using bur marks and measuring eruption and wear manually. However, this method cannot be applied to ...

Camalexin has been reported to play defensive functions against several pathogens in Arabidopsis. In this study, we investigated the possible role of camalexin accumulation in two Arabidopsis genotypes with different levels of basal resistance to the compatible eH strain of the clubroot agent Plasmodiophora brassicae. Camalexin biosynthesis was induced in infected roots of both Col-0 (susceptib...

A 27-year woman presented with irritative lower urinary tract symptoms and alleged small right distal ureteric stone that had been diagnosed with KUB and non-contrast spiral CT. Patient was scheduled for ureteroscopic lithotripsy, revealing absence of the presumed stone, while cystoscopy showed unexpected 2 cm pedunculated grayish white lesion, situated on the right lateral wall of the bladder ...

Gingival hyperpigmentation is a major esthetic concern for many people, although it not medical problem, people complain of dark gums as unesthetic. depigmentation periodontal plastic surgical procedure that removes or reduces hyperpigmented gingiva. Various methods like scalpel, free gingival autografts, electrosurgery, cryosurgery, and abrasion with diamond bur scalpels, bur, various types la...

Nephrolithiasis in children is a painful and costly disease that may also have detrimental long-term effects on kidney function. Recent data provide evidence that the incidence of nephrolithiasis in children is rising. Children who are white, female, and adolescent seem to have the highest risk for forming symptomatic kidney stones. Although the reasons for the rising incidence and demographic ...