Although the validity of internet gaming disorder (IGD) in DSM-5 hinges on a relationship between 5 or more IGD symptoms and “clinically significant impairment and/or distress”, to date most studies have focused statistical significance. To address this, we conduct an individual participant meta-analysis comprised primary data from 15 (n = 38,851). Study 1 finds that meeting DSM-5's proposed 5/...

OBJECTIVE Several studies have shown that, although transplantation of neural stem cells into the contusion model of spinal cord injury (SCI) promotes locomotor function and improves functional recovery, it induces a painful response, Allodynia. Different studies indicate that bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and Schwann cells (SCs) can improve locomotor recovery when transplanted into the inj...

Chronic neuropathic pain, resulting from damage to the central or peripheral nervous system, is a prevalent and debilitating condition, affecting 7-18% of the population(1,2). Symptoms include spontaneous (tingling, burning, electric-shock like) pain, dysaesthesia, paraesthesia, allodynia (pain resulting from normally non-painful stimuli) and hyperalgesia (an increased response to painful stimu...

BACKGROUND Morphine-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance significantly limits its clinical use in relieving acute and chronic pain. Melatonin, a pineal gland neurohormone, has been shown to participate in certain neuropsychopharmacological actions. The present study investigated the effect of melatonin on morphine-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance and possible involvement of protein kinase C (PK...

The aim of the present experiment was to assess the involvement of adenosine receptor antagonists in benzodiazepine (BDZ) withdrawal signs, observed as the seizure susceptibility in mice. The discontinuation of chronic treatment with temazepam or diazepam decreased seizure threshold (one of BDZ withdrawal signs). The concomitant application of subconvulsive dose of pentetrazole (55.0 mg/kg) wit...

Rodent models are frequently used to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of pain and to develop novel analgesics. Robust behavioral assays that quantify nociceptive responses to different sensory modalities, such has heat, are therefore needed. Here, we describe a novel behavioral assay to quantify thermal paw withdrawal thresholds in mice, called the thermal probe test, and c...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate dynamic indices of fluid responsiveness in a model of intra-abdominal hypertension. METHODS Nine mechanically-ventilated pigs underwent increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) by abdominal banding up to 30 mmHg and then fluid loading (FL) at this IAP. The same protocol was carried out in the same animals made hypovolemic by blood withdrawal....