Neural tube defects (NTDs) are serious birth defects of the spine (e.g., spina bifida) and the brain (e.g., anencephaly) that occur during early pregnancy, often before a woman knows she is pregnant; 50%-70% of these defects can be prevented if a woman consumes sufficient folic acid daily before conception and throughout the first trimester of her pregnancy. In 1992, to reduce the number of cas...

* Supported by USPHS grants Al 04153 and CA OF861 and N-SF grant 6B24FF. t NIH special postdoctoral fellow. + USPHS Career Development Awardee. lPenman, S., K. Scherrer, Y. Becker, and J. E. Darnell, these PROCEEDINGS, 49, 654 (196:3). 2 Penman, S., Y. Becker, and J. E. Darnell, J. Mlol. Biol., 8, 541 (1964). 3 Crick, F. H. C., Progr. Nucleic Acid Res., 1, 164 (1963). 4 Schaffer, F. L., in Cold...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this double-blind clinical trial was to assess the longevity of repairs to localized clinical defects in composite resin restorations that were initially planned to be treated with a restoration replacement. METHODS Twenty-eight patients aged 18-80 years old with 50 composite resin restorations (CR) were recruited. The restorations with localized, marginal, anatomical de...

In 1901, a Colorado Springs dentist recognized that his patients with teeth with a brown stain or mottled dental enamel also had a very low prevalence of cavities (also called caries) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 1999b). At this time in history, extensive dental caries were common, so this observation and its subsequent correlation with high amounts of fluoride ion in the ...

U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) clinical guidelines for tobacco treatment recommend that providers routinely counsel smokers using a five-step algorithm (5A's): ask about tobacco use, advise smokers to quit, assess interest in quitting, assist with treatment, and arrange follow-up. A potential barrier to compliance is providers' concern that addressing smoking might alienate smokers, especia...

Objective:  T o compare the survival of occlusal and occlusal-proximal restorations performed with resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) in deciduous molars using rubber dam cotton rolls isolation .  Material Methods:  Ninety-two patients were included 200 cavitated or occlusoproximal dentin caries lesions randomized into two groups: (n = 100) RMGIC placed. At baseline follow-up visit, pr...

The various soluble liver protein-carcinogen conjugates produced in vivo by two hepatocarcinogens have been resolved and analyzed according to molecular size. In addition, the molecular sizes of the principal soluble conjugates of three types of carcinogens have been compared in order to deduce whether they originate from a common or similar target pro tein. Adult male rats were fed the liver c...