Abstract. Volcanic eruptions are the dominant cause of natural variability in climate forcing on timescales up to multidecadal. Large volcanic lead global-scale effects and influence carbon cycle long timescales. However, estimating frequency is challenging. Here we assess at which with particular deposition fluxes observed EPICA Dome C ice core over last 200 kyr. Using S isotope analysis confi...

THE discovery of a new drug, terra Silesiaca, in the sixteenth century and the publicity and experimentation that were a part of marketing it provide an interesting insight into the medical practice and the pharmaceutical trade of that period. Various earths had long been used in medicine as alexipharmics, astringents, and absorbents. In the first century AD, Dioscorides and Pliny the Elder des...

Classifications of proteins into groups of related sequences are in some respects like a periodic table for biology, allowing us to understand the underlying molecular biology of any organism. Pfam is a large collection of protein domains and families. Its scientific goal is to provide a complete and accurate classification of protein families and domains. The next release of the database will ...

-We present new precise U-Th ages of well-preserved coral specimens collected from the island of Barbados, West Indies, and the atoll of Mururoa, French Polynesia. Our new data confirm the ages attributed to oxygen isotope stage 7 in the framework of the Milankovitch theory (BERGER, 1978; MARTINSON et al., 1987). By using thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), it is also possible to quant...

Although the rate of suicide is low in Muslim countries, there is evidence that it is increasing integrated analysis was made of data on suicide attempts (nonfatal and fatal) from studies carried out in the Islamic Republic of Iran from 1981 to 2007. Of 54 published studies concerning suicide, 48 (covering 26 768 cases of attempted suicide) satisfied the inclusion criteria. The weighted mean ra...

We explore the long-term environmental and human history of a small outer coast archipelago on Northwest Coast in western Canada. Using relative sea-level change, we reconstruct ancient landscapes to design archaeological surveys that document rich record spanning at least 11 000 years demonstrate cultural centrality this geographically marginal landscape.

Leishmaniasis has a long history in the Islamic Republic of Iran. This study aimed to show the trend in leishmaniasis incidence from 1983 to 2012 and to describe the epidemiological characteristics in 2012. In a retrospective cross-sectional study, data were extracted from th%e national leishmaniasis surveillance system for the 3 clinical types-cutaneous (zoonotic and anthroponotic) and viscera...