background: integrons are mobile genetic elements able to obtain the antibiotic resistance gene cassettes. the prevalence of integrons in the enterobacteriaceae family has been varied and played an important role in the development of the drug resistant bacteria. the present study aimed to investigate the contribution of class 2 and 3 integrons in drug resistant diarrheagenic escherichia coli s...

ABSTRACT: New symmetrical multilevel inverter topology with reduced number of power electronic switches is introduced in this paper, which results in reduction of installation area, converter cost, losses, and have simplicity of control system. The proposed topology consists of series connected sub multilevel inverter blocks. Principles of operation and switching functions are well analyzed. Si...

In case of low voltage (12 to 24V) solar and battery powered sinus inverter applications a special converter topology for managing the high input current rating is required. Conventional solutions uses paralleled power MOSFETs to realize high current (several 100A) switches. In this paper a synchronized multi phase PWM concept was chosen to rise the over all efficiency of the inverter. In gener...

Novel 3-level GTO inverter topology is presented. This new power circuit includes many advantages comparing with the conventional 3-level GTO inverter. The main advantages are snubberless and good device utilization by employing dual quasi-resonant dc-link which guarantees the complete zero voltage switching of the inverter GTO's. This 3-level GTO inverter can be operated with lower switching l...

By an ordered commutative semigroup of the first kind (abbreviated "o.c.s.I") we mean a system 5(o, <) consisting of a set 5 endowed with a binary operation o and a binary relation < such that the following axioms are satisfied. I. S is a commutative semigroup with respect to o, i.e. the associative law, a o (b o c) = (a o b)o c, and the commutative law, a o b = b o a, hold (a, b, c in S). II. ...

Three-level Z-source inverters are recent single-stage topological solutions proposed for buck-boost energy conversion with all favorable advantages of three-level switching retained. Despite their effectiveness in achieving voltage buck-boost conversion, existing three-level Z-source inverters use two impedance networks and two isolated dc sources, which can significantly increase the overall ...

In this paper, a new topology for boost Z-source inverterbased on switched-inductor cell is proposed. The operating modes of the proposed inverter are analyzed and also a suitable control method to generate the trigger signals of the inverter is presented. Having a common earth between the input source and inverter and capability to generate a higher voltage gain by using lower amounts of the d...

Recently, the evolution of single phase multilevel inverters has been escalation due to its preference over traditional one. In this paper proposed a new topology of single phase Nine level inverter with less number of power elements for grid connection. In this proposed inverter have ten switches and their switches operate with fundamental frequency. The proposed inverter produced nine level o...

 When utilized at low amplitude modulation indices, existing multilevel carrier-based PWM strategies have no special provisions for this operating region, and several levels of the inverter go unused. This paper proposes some novel multilevel PWM strategies to take advantage of the multiple levels in both a diode-clamped inverter and a cascaded Hbridges inverter by utilizing all of the levels ...

There is strong trend in the photovoltaic (PV) inverter technology to use transformer less topologies in order to acquire higher efficiencies. The general function of multilevel inverter is to synthesis desired voltage from solar source. This inverter has advantageous of industrial applications. The use of converters will increase losses and cost in conventional methods. The proposed seven leve...