Background and aims: IL-22 is an alpha- helical cytokine. IL-22 binds to a heterodimeric cell surface receptor composed of IL-10R2 and IL-22R1subunits. IL-22R is expressed on tissue cells, and it is absent on immune cells. L-22 and IL-10 receptor chains play a role in cellular targeting and signal transduction to selectively initiate and regulate immune responses. The aim of this study was to i...

Diosgenin [or (22R,25R)-spirost-5-en-3β-ol] is the starting material of the Marker degradation, a cheap semi-synthesis of progesterone, which has been designated as an Inter-national Historic Chemical Landmark. Thus far, a single X-ray structure for diosgenin is known, namely its dimethyl sulfoxide solvate [Zhang et al. (2005 ▶). Acta Cryst. E61, o2324-o2325]. We have now determined the structu...

The microbial degradation of two Venezuelan crude oils enriched in 25-norhopanes was examined after a 5-week aerobic incubation using a microbial enrichment culture. Analysis of the oils using gas chromatography±mass spectrometry revealed degradation of the C28 tricyclic terpane, the C29±C34 17a(H),21b(H)-hopanes, and the C29 17a(H),21b(H)-25-norhopane. The C35 17a(H),21b(H)-hopane and 18a(H)-o...

Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a pluripotent T cell-derived cytokine which is a member of IL-10 cytokine family. It is the only interleukin produced by immune cells but does not target immune system components. IL-22 is mainly produced by dendritic cells (DCs) and TH17, TH22, NK, and NKT cells and targets a number of body tissues including liver, pancreas, and other epithelial tissues. It provokes a...

Diosgenone [(20S,22R,25R)-spirost-4-en-3-one, C(27)H(40)O(3)] has been proposed as a new therapeutic alternative for the treatment of malaria. The first X-ray structure report for diosgenone was by Piro et al. [(2002). Z. Naturforsch. Teil C, 57, 947-950] in the space group P2(1) (Z' = 2). We now report a new polymorph in the same space group, with two mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. Both mo...

It has been shown by Lei, in his recent paper, that there exists a large set of Kirkman triple systems of order uv (LKTS(uv)) if there exist an LKTS(v), a TKTS(v) and an LR(u), where a TKTS(v) is a transitive Kirkman triple system of order v, and an LR(u) is a new kind of design introduced by Lei. In this paper, we improve this product construction by removing the condition “there exists a TKTS...

The main saponin (1) present in the mesocarp of Balanites aegyptiaca fruit is a mixture of 22R and 22S epimers of 26-(O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-beta-[4-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-22,26-dihydroxyfurost-5-ene. This structure differs from a previously reported saponin isolated from this source by the site of attachment of the rhamnosyl residu...

Se evaluaron los biomarcadores en la fracción de hidrocarburos saturados (n-alcanos, pristano, fitano, terpanos y esteranos) un ensayo biorremediación 90 días con crudo extrapesado (10 ºAPI). Con base presencia una muestra compleja no resuelta (MCNR), deficiencia n-alcanos, fitano hopanos desmetilados (25-norhopanos), se determinó que el original está biodegradado. La detección pristano (más se...

Previously, we and other groups reported that liver X receptor (LXR) agonists T0901317, 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol, and 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol suppressed the proliferation of prostate and breast cancer cells. In this study, we report that T0901317 and 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol treatment inhibited the proliferation of different progression stages of LNCaP human prostate cancer cells, as well as d...