objective: the nucleus accumbens (nac) receive histaminergic neurons from tuberomammillary nuclei. there are reports indicating that central histamine systems are involved in many physiological behavioral processes, including anxiety. the aim of the present study was to assess whether the histaminergic system of the nac is involved in anxiety-related behaviors. methods:   rats   were   anesthet...

In the present study, the effect of GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) receptor agonists and antagonists on morphine-induced antinociception was investigated in formalin test in rats. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of different doses of morphine (1, 3, 6 and 9 mg/kg) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of different doses of muscimol (0.5, 1 and 2 g/rat) or baclofen (0.25, 0.5 and 1 g/rat) ...

PURPOSE Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery are distressing to both patients and surgeons. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of palonosetron and ramosetron (both newer and highly potent 5HT3 receptor antagonists) in nausea and vomiting in cesarean delivery after spinal anesthesia. METHODS In this randomized, double-b...

The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER, nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on [26]) was identified following observations of estrogen-evoked cyclic AMP signalling in breast cancer cells [2], which mirrored differential expression an orphan 7-transmembrane GPR30 [6]. There are both cell-surface and intracellular GPER [29, 34]. Selective agonist/ antagonists for have been...

introduction: we previously shown that microinjection of glutamate into the hdb of rat elicited cardiovascular depressive responses. microinjection of ap5 (an nmda receptor antagonist, 2.5 mm, 50 nl) and cnqx (an ampa receptor antagonist, 1 mm, 50 nl) caused no significant changes in the blood pressure and heart rate. microinjection of bicuculline (bmi: a gabaa receptor antagonist, 1 mm, 50 nl)...

in the present study, the effects of caerulein and cck receptor antagonist< on tolerance to the anti-pentylenetetrazol activity of diazepam has been studied. different doses of diazepam (20, 30, 35, 40 and 50 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally for a period of 6 days in order to induce tolerance to diazepam. 48 h after the last dose of diazepam, a test dose of diazepam was tested for ant...

the effects of cholecystokinin (cck) receptor antagonists on hypothermia induced by cocaine or morphine have been studied in mice. in the present work, subcutaneous (sc) injection of cocaine (50-150 mg/kg) or morphine (125-500 mg/kg) induced hypothermia in mice. administration of ccka receptor antagonist mk-329 (0.5-1.5 mg/kg), cckb receptor antagonist l-365, 260 (0.5-1.5 mgl kg) and cck recept...