Procedural learning benefits from memory processes occurring outside practice resulting in offline learning. Offline gains have been demonstrated almost exclusively for the ordinal structure of sequential motor tasks. Many skills also demand that the correct serial order of events be appropriately timed. Evidence indicates that the temporal aspect of a procedural skill can be encoded independen...

The verification of a n-stage pulse-driven IPCMOS pipeline, for any n > 0, is presented. The complexity of the system is 32n transistors and delay information is provided at the level of transistor. The correctness of the circuit highly depends on the timed behavior of its components and the environment. To verify the system, three techniques have been combined: (1) relative-timing-based verifi...

The study of short-lived, now extinct radionuclides offers constraints on the duration of planetesimal formation and on other processes and events, which took place in the early solar system. The relative chronometers based on the decay of 53Mn to 53Cr (T1/2 = 3.7 m.y.) and of 26Al to 26Mg (T1/2 = 0.73 m.y.) provide an adequate time resolution of at least 1 m.y. A calibration of these relative ...

Introduction: The neural substrates of temporal processing are not still fully known. The majority of interval timing studies have dealt with this subject in the context of “Explicit timing” (computing the time intervals explicitly). The hypothesis “Implicit timing” (implicitly using temporal processing to improve function) has also proposed. This lesion study addressed explicit and implicit ti...

BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) shows a marked decline during adolescence. Some studies have pointed to pubertal status or timing as possible PA determinants in this age group. Furthermore, it was supposed that the impact of pubertal changes on PA might be mediated by psychological variables like body dissatisfaction (BDS). METHODS The 11- to 17-year-old subsample of the German Health Inter...

Evidence from the oscillatory behavior of fish fins and the crayfish swimmeret system suggests that local rhythmic-pattern generators preserve their characteristic properties over the various locomotory co-ordinations in which they participate. This maintenance tendency, as von Holst termed it, was investigated in an experiment in which human subjects swung, through motions at the wrists, hand-...

Human subjects swung, through motions at the two wrists, hand-held pendulums of variable mass and length. Within a pair, the two pendulums could be of the same or different magnitude. The subjects were required to produce a coordinated state in which the two rhythmic units oscillated at a single common period. Fifty-four conditions of absolute coordination, that is, 54 different pairs of wrist-...

Change in photoperiod is a key proximal factor timing seasonal breeding at higher latitudes. Photoperiodic information is transduced in the neuroendocrine system to regulate the secretion of neuropeptides, gonadotropin releasing hormoneI (GnRH-I) and a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, which respectively regulate the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin. The initiation of photoind...