Competency to stand trial adjudication is a decision point in the criminal justice system at which gender bias may result in different outcomes for female defendants as compared with males. However, this is an unexplored research area that lacks well-designed studies. The goals of this investigation, which used the largest known sample of U.S. female competency to stand trial defendants studied...

Organizations can’t develop production and effectiveness of their own without voluntary willingness of people to cooperate. Because, people do their duties based on acceptable rules and regulations of an organization in forced mod. But people express their effort energy and knowledge to flourish their abilities in favor of the organization in voluntary cooperation. Since organizational citizens...

Although boys engage in more delinquent and criminal acts than do girls, female delinquency is on the rise. In 1980, boys were four times as likely as girls to be arrested; today they are only twice as likely to be arrested. In this article, Elizabeth Cauffman explores how the juvenile justice system is and should be responding to the adolescent female offender. Cauffman begins by reviewing his...

Marital rape, which is an act of sexual violence in marriage, often debated among the public because it considered that impossible to happen. There debate about responding acts marital rape community, background for writing this article a review positive law, Islamic and gender justice. The purpose research understand analyze dynamics law Indonesia according gender. Using qualitative method wit...

in this article, in order to demonstrate the pragmatic elements of rawls’s viewpoint, the developmental path of his a theory of justice shall first be investigated. this development has two phases: in the first phase, justice has an ethical-philosophical basis. in a theory of justice, this phase is specifically shown under the title of theory of justice. in the second phase, justice has no phil...

The number of women under criminal justice supervision in the United States reached over one million in 2001. In response, contemporary corrections has begun to consider the best way to effectively respond to women offenders. Female offenders are now a significant proportion of all offenders: they comprise 17 percent of the total number of offenders under correctional supervision, or one in eve...

This Essay attempts to pull together the various threads of thought regarding the relationships between gender, race, and class within the justice system, and suggests possible patterns that could be used to create holistic images of female offenders. Part I provides a brief overview of the various explanations used over time to account for criminal behavior by women. Part II details the ways i...

observation of justice is one of the most important indexes influencing satisfaction of the personnel of an organization so that perceiving injustice will result in the personnel dissatisfaction thereby leaving negative influence on their performance [38]. this situation also influences the customers’ satisfaction in the service organizations where the personnel have direct and face-to-face con...