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The difference between quantum entities and classical entities can be noticed in many different ways. Quantum logic has been profoundly interested in analyzing this difference and trying to understand it. Our aim is to represent a macroscopical classical mechanistic laboratory situation, and to show that this situation entails a non-classical logical structure. The example has been presented al...

this article examines the role of security approach in challenging tehran-baku relations by analyzing political and economic factors in their bilateral relations. the article centers on finding an answer to the question that what constitutes the main cause of unfriendly approach in relations between the two states between 1991 and 2009. the main hypothesis of this article is that emphasizing se...

We utilize the situation calculus to develop a logical model of hypertext systems. The work builds upon the earlier work of Bieber and Kimbrough in the logical modeling of hypertext systems. In our presentation, a particular version of the situation calculus (which includes a language for programming complex actions) developed for the modeling of dynamic worlds and for the control of robotic ag...

Mathematical models for the electrical activity in cardiac cells are normally formulated as systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The equations are nonlinear and describe processes occurring on a wide range of time scales. Under normal accuracy requirements, this makes the systems stiff and therefore challenging to solve numerically. As standard implicit solvers are difficult to im...

Water quality management policies on a river basin scale are of special importance in order to prevent and/or reduce environmental pollution caused by human sources. Industrial effluents are a priority issue particularly in Urban Wastewater Systems (UWS) that receive mixed household and industrial wastewaters, apart from rainfall water. In this paper, we present an analysis and implementation o...

Shapiro et al. [2005; 2006], presented a framework for representing goal change in the situation calculus. In that framework, agents adopt a goal when requested to do so (by some agent reqr ), and they remain committed to the goal unless the request is cancelled by reqr . A common assumption in the agent theory literature, e.g., [Cohen and Levesque, 1990; Rao and Georgeff, 1991], is that achiev...