We present a topological characterization for fuzzy regular languages: we show that there is a bijective correspondence between fuzzy regular languages and the set of all clopen fuzzy subsets with finite image in the induced fuzzy topological space of Stone space (Profinite space), and then we give a representation of closed fuzzy subsets in the induced fuzzy topological space via fuzzy regular...

Is it possible to talk about God without either misrepresentation or failing to assert anything of significance? The article begins by reviewing how, in attempting to answer this question, traditional theories of religious language have failed to sidestep both potential pitfalls adequately. After arguing that recently developed theories of metaphor seem better able to shed light on the nature o...

The Protestant reformers’ iconoclasm was not only a theoretical objection to what they considered the idolatry of religious images, but was, as well, a campaign for the removal (more or less violent in different places) and destruction of church art of all kinds. In sixteenthcentury England there was less rioting and smashing than in Germany, Switzerland, and the Netherlands, but the end result...

The experience of reconstructing the religious (Islamic) concept as a value-cognitive and ideological constant is presented on example HARAM/HIARAM in Russian Avar linguistic cultures. material for study was data from lexicographic sources, paremiological funds these languages, texts (including translations) spiritual literature; language National Corpuses languages. It noted that conceptual co...

To date, little research on pragmatic transfer has considered a multilingual situation where there is an interaction among three different languages spoken by one person. Of interest was whether pragmatic transfer of refusals among three languages spoken by the same person occurs from L1 and L2 to L3, L1 to L2 and then to L3 or from L1 and L1 (if there are more than one L1) to L2. This study ai...

The paper analyzes the relation between religious beliefs, religious participation and social cooperation. In particular, we focus on religions that instill beliefs about the connection between rewards and punishments and social behaviour. We show how religious organizations arise endogenously, analyze their e¤ect on social interactions in society and identify a "spiritual" as well as a "materi...

AbstrAct The chapter examines the linguistic forms and functions of SMS text messages in Nigeria. With an estimated 25 million mobile phone users in Nigeria, the use of SMS is fast growing in Nigeria, just like in other parts of the world and this is leading to the gradual abandoning of the traditional oral culture, especially among the educated. In addition to the usual nonconventional orthogr...