A fruitful idea, when providing subdifferential formulae and dual representations for convex risk measures, is to make use of the conjugate duality theory in convex optimization. In this paper we underline the outstanding role played by the qualification conditions in the context of different problem formulations in this area. We show that not only the meanwhile classical generalized interiorit...

Antimicrobial stewardship is a new field that struggles to find the right balance between meaningful and useful metrics to study the impact of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). ASP metrics primarily measure antimicrobial use, although microbiological resistance and clinical outcomes are also important measures of the impact an ASP has on a hospital and its patient population. Antimicro...

BACKGROUND Central to the development of a sound evidence base for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) interventions is the need for valid, reliable and relevant outcome measures to assess whether the interventions work. We assessed the specific needs for a database that would cover a wide range of outcomes measures for CAM research and considered a framework for such a database. MET...

Culturally appropriate techniques for monitoring child psychosocial development were prepared and tested in China, India and Thailand on a total of 28,139 children. This is the largest study of its kind ever undertaken. Representative groups aged between birth and 6 years were examined and the results were used to produce national development standards-separately for rural and urban children in...

Paraproteinaemic neuropathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders most frequently associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathies including Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM). Their consequences are significant for affected patients, and their management challenging for their physicians. The variability in clinical presentation and time course hamper classification and management. The indicatio...

The purpose of this integrative review is to explore the presence of the oncology nurse as navigator on measurable patient outcomes. Eighteen primary nursing research studies were found using combinations of the following key words: advocate, cancer, case manager, coach, certification, guide, navigator, nurse, oncology, patient navigator, pivot nurse, and continuity of care. Nurse researchers i...

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is common, especially in women who are physically active. The diagnosis can be challenging, as the etiology of PFP is complex and is unclear. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the current etiological understandings both microscopically and macroscopically and provide an overview for the evaluation and treatment. It is essential to approach each patient presenting...

While projectile injuries are not uncommonly encountered in veterinary practice, many clinicians are not very familiar with the various weapons and projectiles that may be involved or with the types of injuries that can occur. Whether or not an individual has an interest in firearms, a basic knowledge of projectiles and ballistics can help a clinician to predict the types of injuries expected i...