in this research, air sampling of workplaces was carried out by two methods (long - time and short - time). the mean formaldehyde concentration with long - time method in pathology labs, surgery and endoscopy sections were 0.96 0.25 and 0.13 ppm and with short - time method, 8 hours, was 3, 0.3 and 0.2 ppm. the mean formaldehyde concentration in pathology labs was above the standard values (tlv...

a b s t r a c t there are three types of nerve fibers that are involved in the transmission of pain stimuli: c fibers (slower fibers) for thermal, mechanical and chemical stimuli, a-delta fibers for thermal or mechanical stimuli and a-beta fibers for touch stimuli. clinically, this is crucial in making an accurate assessment of the pain level experienced by a suffering patient, in indicating th...

We present here results from large zenith-angle observations with the CAT atmospheric Cherenkov imaging telescope, based on data taken on the Crab Nebula and on the blazar Mk501 from 1996 onwards. From Monte Carlo simulations, the threshold energy of the telescope is expected to vary from about 250 GeV at zenith to about 2 TeV at a zenith angle of 60 •. The lower source-fluxes due to the increa...

High latitude ocean gateway changes are thought to play a key role in Cenozoic climate evolution. However, the underlying ocean dynamics are poorly understood. Here we use a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean model to investigate the effect of ocean gateway formation that is associated with the subsidence of the Greenland-Scotland Ridge. We find a threshold in sill depth (∼50 m) that is linked to t...

There exists today no established satellite technique for measuring the amount of ice in thicker clouds. Sub-mm radiometry is a promising technique for the task, and a retrieval scheme for the first such instrument in space, Odin-SMR, is presented. Several advantages of sub-mm observations are confirmed, such as low influence of parti-5 cle shape and orientation, and a high dynamic range of the...

We discuss the concept and the performance of a powerful future ground-based astronomical instrument, 5@5 a 5 GeV energy threshold stereoscopic array of several large imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes installed at a very high mountain elevation of about 5 km a.s.l. for the study of the γ-ray sky at energies from approximately 5 GeV to 100 GeV, where the capabilities of both the current s...

We discuss the concept and the performance of a powerful future ground-based astronomical instrument a stereoscopic array of several large imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes installed at a very high mountain elevation of about 5 km a.s.l. for the study of the γ-ray sky at energies from several GeV to 100 GeV. With its capability to detect the “standard” EGRET sources with spectra extendin...

Air lasing refers to the remote optical pumping of the constituents of ambient air that results in a directional laserlike emission from the pumped region. Intense current investigations of this concept are motivated by the potential applications in remote atmospheric sensing. Different approaches to air lasing are being investigated, but, so far, only the approach based on dissociation and res...