Experts believe that by lowering the interest rate on bank accounts, total cost of goods and services decreases, and secondly, investment production increases,  both of which lead to lower inflation and provide stable employment field, on the other hand, are concerned about the negative effects of lowering the interest rate without lowering inflation and know the underlying requirement of nomin...

Time-series cross-section (TSCS) data are prevalent in political science, yet many distinct challenges presented by TSCS remain underaddressed. We focus on how dependence both space and time complicates estimating either spatial or temporal dependence, dynamics, effects. Little is known about modeling one of cross-sectional well while neglecting the other affects results analysis. demonstrate a...

Nowadays, Foreign Capital Inflows (FCIs) are considered as a catalyst for economic development and an important source of transferring technology and foreign exchange earnings from developed to developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of FCIs (which include foreign direct investment, personal remittances and official development investment) on economic growth in...

T he main aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of population total, gross domestic product per capita, urbanization rate and energy use on carbon emissions in Nigeria for a period of 1981-2015 using autoregressive distributed lag approach to co-integration (ARDL). The empirical results revealed evidence of a long run relationship among the variables. The generalized ridge ...

T his paper empirically examines the relationship among exports, foreign direct investment, current account deficit and economic growth in Pakistan during the period 1975-2016.We adopted the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to co-integration together with ECM techniques to trace the long-run as well as the short-run relationships. The results demonstrate the existence o...

T   he completed MCI includes three main channels of interest rate, exchange rate and credit rate. In developing countries such as Iran, this indicator, which contains a credit channel, could be better used to illustrate the country’s monetary condition. This study has been done to calculate this index for the period of 1978–2012. For this purpose, the function of the total economy demand ...