abstract the theory of hardship is a situation in which the implementation of contractual obligation, as a result of unpredictable events that are out of control, becomes economically difficult and expensive without being physically impossible and distorts the balance of the contract. in such a situation, the hardship theory is applied to restore the balance of the contract. this matter has var...

In this paper, a socially responsible supply chain consisting of one supplier and one retailer is proposed. The supplier decides on replenishment cycle multiplier and the retailer invests in corporate social responsibility (CSR) and decides on the order-up-to-level under a periodic review replenishment policy. The retailer’s decisions impact on the supplier’s probability as well as the supply c...

the purpose of this research was identifying socio-economic characteristics affected on respondents’ participation in contract farming. the survey was conducted using structured questionnaire in populous states namely kedah, kelantan, terengganu, pahang, perak, selangor and johor in peninsular malaysia. a total of one-hundred and sixty seven ffv farmers were randomly selected and personally int...

the analyze of petroleum contracts demonstrate that in respect to the intensity of the cooperation between the state company and oil companies, we could find the different evaluative categories of the contracts on upstream oil industry.historically, the first generation of the petroleum contracts was the concession agreement in which the transferring of ownership was the base. the license agree...

Assembly lines are special kinds of production systems which are of great importance in the industrial production of high quantity commodities. In many practical manufacturing systems, configuration of assembly lines is fixed and designing a new line may be incurred huge amount of costs and thereby it is not desirable for practitioners. When some changes related to market demand occur, it is wo...

if the agent, who has the right to appoint a proxy, exercises his right and appoints another person for pursuing the subject of agency, the appointed person is not the agent of the appointer; rather, he is regarded as the indirect agent of the client. therefore, if the object of agency is conclusion of a transaction contract and the indirect proxy concludes it, that [contract] belongs to the cl...

today’s energy reauiraments have produced an increase in drilling activities all around the world. among this situation is the fact that all the operators are trying to minimize cost without reduction in quality. so, they are looking for new types of contracts between all drilling companies, contractors and suppliers until that with make agreement between them have successful operations. in thi...