study of price trend in iran, showed that general level of prices is rising continually during time. an inflation situation has effect on most economic variables. therefore investigation of effective factors and variables on inflation is important. exchange rate and gap in product are factors which affect inflation. in this paper the impact of exchange rate shocks and gap on inflation in iran’s...

The article examines the impact of economic growth on general price level in different countries and that individual product groups. On this basis, it becomes possible to derive some features convergence process EU for 1996-2019 period. Emphasis is placed trends levels Bulgaria, with a special place given products administratively set prices those which excise duties form large share price. Thi...

The aim of this paper is to empirically investigate the determinants of tourism demand by utilizing panel data for the period of 1995-2011 from top 20 countries sending tourists to Turkey. Econometric results obtained from panel cointegration analysis show that macroeconomic factors as such income, prices, supply capacity, exchange rate and political stability play a significant role in determi...

In this paper we investigate how firms adjust markups across products in response to fluctuations in the real exchange rate. In a theoretical framework, we show that firms increase their markups and producer prices following a real depreciation and that this increase is greater for products with higher productivity, a consequence of local distribution costs. We estimate markups at the market-pr...

This paper investigates the important question of what relationship, if any, exists between economic infrastructure, gross fixed capital formation, and FDI inflows to Hungary during the 1995-2012 period. Although this question has great significance from an economic policy standpoint, there has been little to no empirical analysis undertaken so far in the case of transition economies such as Hu...

among the food products, grains play an important role in the consumption patterns of people, especially in the developing countries. since iran's main source of public dietary energy comes directly from grains, investigating and identifying the determinants of import of these products can be an important step towards food security. most experimental studies consider import of grains as only a ...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how well contemporary exchange rate theories explain fluctuations in rates emerging economies, before and after the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). As an example, EUR/PLN 1999–2015 was selected as currency pair that most liquid region; it had a stable regime given period. whole analysis performed within linear vector error correction (VEC) model framew...