Traffic oscillation, stop and go traffic, is created by different reasons such as: sudden speed drop of leader vehicle. Stop and go traffic commonly is observed in congested freeways results in traffic oscillation. Many theories had been presented to define congestion traffic based on laws of physics such as: thermodynamics and fluid. But, these theories could not explain the complexity of driv...

The social, behavioral, and a good chunk of the biological sciences concern the nature of individual agency, where our paradigm for an individual is a human being. Theories of economic behavior, of mental function and dysfunction, and of ontogenetic development, for example, are theories of how such individuals act, and of what internal and external factors are determinative of that action. Suc...

The present article presents a nonexhaustive collection of contemporary models and theories on brain function and discusses these models and theories within a framework of explanatory formulations in behavioral cognitive psychology. Such a mission was accomplished by evaluating the cognitive implications in the explanatory formulations with respect to established laws/principles and models/theo...

Landmarks are fundamental elements for people to learn an environment. People use these landmarks to enrich their route descriptions (for example, when anchoring movements at decision points). Several automatic landmark identification and selection theories have been suggested in recent years. This paper evaluates these theories by comparing the landmarks identified by automatic landmark select...

Descriptive theories of decision making are constrained by the need to explain the following behavioral phenomena: risk aversion, gambling, purchases of insurance, investment, the paradoxes of Allais and Ellsberg, intransitivity of preference, irregularities of choice, preference reversals, risk judgments, violations of branch independence, the difference between buying and selling prices, viol...

Definition Quantum information processing theory is an alternative mathematical approach for generating theories of how an observer processes information. Typically, quantum information processing models are derived from the axiomatic principles of quantum probability theory. This probability theory may be viewed as a generalization of classic probability. Quantum information processing models ...

This article provides a historiographical analysis of major leadership and organizational development theories that have shaped our thinking about how we lead and administrate academic libraries. Drawing from behavioral, cognitive, systems, and complexity theories, this article discusses major theorists and research studies appearing over the past century. A complex systems framework is then pr...