the second half of the third hijri century, coinciding with the reign of three caliphs, al-mu’tamid (256-79 ah), al-mu’tadhid (279-89 ah), and al-muktafi (289-95 ah), abbasids restored their authority and renewed their organization. this reform process which was began by abu ahmad al-muwaffaq (d. 278 ah) and reached its climax at the time of abu al-abbas al-mu’tadhid stood between two decline p...

gilooyeh clan or rouzbeh family was one of the most famous and effective iranian clans of fars during the first three centuries sassanids who was gradually successful to penetrate in abbasid caliphate and to show their important roles in social- political events, in addition to their periodic battles with aggressive and dominant arabs. gilooyeh himself who was the most famous and prominent memb...

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie sytuacji kobiet w kalifacie ISIS i strukturach Państwa Islamskiego przez pryzmat arabskojęzycznych doniesień medialnych opublikowanych na stronach internetowych serwisów informacyjnych. W artykule autorka przedstawia obraz Państwie Islamskim ukazany arabskich oraz zachodnich mediach. O ile część z nich przypisuje kobietom marginalne role gospodyń d...

each society requires a kind of management according to its structure and attainment of the goals it has been planned for. the idea of management is not new. long time ago, human had noticed the necessity of using all the facilities and leading them towards scheduled ideals. the kind of managing and leading the society depends on the cultural structure of it. so the way of management and intern...

Currently, various issues on environment have been discussed, whether the importance, destruction or ways to prevent the destruction of the environment. This paper will explore the issue from the conventional viewpoint as well as from the Islamic perspective. Destruction of the environment in recent times has worsened due to the uncontrolled exploitation of natural resources by human beings in ...

Türkiye’de imparatorluktan ulus-devlete geçiş sürecinin önemli iki gelişmesi; 1 Kasım 1922 tarihinde saltanatın ve 3 Mart 1924’te hilafetin kaldırılması, tüm dünyada olduğu gibi İspanya basınının da ilgisini çekmiştir. Gazeteler, bu kurumların tarihsel arka planını vermiş, kaldırılmasıyla kazandığı yeni konumu betimlemeye çalışmıştır. Egemenliğin TBMM tarafından kullanıldığı, dini gücün ise yin...