According to experts in rhetoric, Interrogation refers to asking about a thing which is unknown to the speaker and aims at knowing something; they mention, however, that these statements deviate from their real purposes sometimes and refer to some other secondary meanings. Writers have mentioned more or less different secondary purposes mainly based on the Quran. More recent writers have also p...

Mathematicians reason about abstract objects, or at least they seem to do so. In the course of doing so, they routinely make statements on mathematical statements. In fact, every inference, such as “From equations (5.17) and (6.2) one obtains the following equation.”, is a statement on mathematical statements. Other examples of statements on mathematical statements are: “With the obvious modifi...

According to agency theory, board of directors plays an important monitoring role in reducing information asymmetry and increasing the transparency of financial statements and social responsibility. This research is concerned with examining board diversity and social responsibility of the firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2011-2015. To do so, a sample of 98 firms was se...

Countless Internet applications and platforms make it easy to communicate, to collaborate and to exchange information and opinions with a huge number of individuals. However, it is getting more and more difficult to distinguish honest and reliable individuals from malicious users distributing false information or malware. Digital signatures, webs of trust and reputation systems can help to secu...

The paper comprises study on accumulation of errors produced by near-lossless JPEG-LS in the consecutive compression-decompression cycles. Paper proves that alternatively, lossless compression can be performed on luminance and chrominance with reduced representation bit numbers. The advantage is that the errors do not accumulate in the consecutive cycles of compression because rounding errors o...

This paper proposes fuzzy qualitative representation of trigonometry (FQT) in order to bridge the gap between qualitative and quantitative representation of physical systems using Trigonometry. Fuzzy qualitative coordinates are defined by replacing a unit circle with a fuzzy qualitative circle; the Cartesian translation and orientation are replaced by their fuzzy membership functions. Trigonome...