Large 6 mm× 9 mm silicon chips have been successfully bonded to alumina substrates with electroplated Au/Sn/Au structure at the eutectic omposition. The new bonding process is entirely fluxless, or flux-free. It is performed in vacuum (50 milliTorrs), where the oxygen content is educed by a factor of 15,200 comparing to air, to inhibit solder oxidation. Eutectic Au80Sn20 alloy is a well establi...

The melting temperatures of most lead-free solder alloys are somewhat higher than that of eutectic Sn/Pb solder, and many of the alloys tend to wet typical contact pads less readily. This tends to narrow down the fluxing and mass reflow process windows for assembly onto typical organic substrates and may enhance requirements on placement accuracy. Flip chip assembly here poses some unique chall...

The purpose of this study was to examine the dose enhancement at bone-implant interfaces from scattered radiation during simulated head and neck radiotherapy. Three cylindric implant systems with different compositions (pure titanium, titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy, titanium coated with hydroxyapatite) and a high gold content transmandibular implant system (gold-copper-silver alloy) were stud...

Abstract A goal of advanced packaging design performance is to reduce power and achieve better control heat electromagnetic interference. Materials efficient include the use gold (Au) wire, copper (Cu) alloy, gold/silver (Au/Ag) plating, solder, low-k epoxy dry-film polymers, silicones polyimides. Material purity verification contamination during production process a prerequisite ensure high yi...

Control of surface contamination in the form of small particles is becoming a major priority in conventional manufacturing processes, due to the higher sensitivity of mechanical assemblies to contamination-related failures. At the same time, the complexity of workpieces is increasing, making the removal of contaminants more difficult. Thus there is a critical need to facilitate cleaning in orde...

The electronic Personal Health Records (PHRs) such as medical history, lab reports, and insurance are stored in systems such asMicrosoft Health Vault where amedical care provider or a patient is responsible for uploading andmanaging the health information. Storing PHRs in such amanner prohibits the patients from having complete control over their data and also may make the PHR system the target...

PURPOSE Skin exposure to soluble beryllium compounds causes systemic sensitization in humans. Penetration of poorly soluble particles through intact skin has been proposed as a mechanism for beryllium sensitization; however, this mechanism is controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that particulate beryllium compounds in contact with skin surface release ions ...

objective(s):   metal nanoparticles (nps) offer a wide variety of potential applications in pharmaceutical sciences due to the unique advances in nanotechnology research. in this work, bimetal ag-au alloy nps were prepared and their combinations with other antibiotics were tested against staphylococcus aureus.   materials and methods: firstly, ag-au alloy nps with au/ag molar ratio of 1:1 was f...