background:  stresses such as heat shock, starvation, or osmotic is essential to lead isolated microspores towards embryogenesis. despite the effectiveness of stresses in embryogenesis, they exert adverse effects on metabolism and growth of the regenerated plants.objectives: the effects of heat shock and 2,4-d treatment on total protein content of treated microspores, morphological and physiolo...

In evergreen conifers, where the foliage amount changes little with season, accurate detection of the underlying "photosynthetic phenology" from satellite remote sensing has been difficult, presenting challenges for global models of ecosystem carbon uptake. Here, we report a close correspondence between seasonally changing foliar pigment levels, expressed as chlorophyll/carotenoid ratios, and e...

Advances in remote sensing technology can help estimate biodiversity at large spatial extents. To assess whether we could use hyperspectral visible near-infrared (VNIR) spectra to estimate species diversity, we examined the correlations between species diversity and spectral diversity in early-successional abandoned agricultural fields in the Ridge and Valley ecoregion of north-central Virginia...

The absorption spectra of the principal pigment components extracted from Chroococcus cells have been measured, and their sum compared with the absorption of a suspension of living cells. The agreement was sufficiently close so that it was concluded the absorption spectra of the extracted and separated pigment components could be used to obtain estimates of the relative absorption of the variou...

tomato plays an important role in providing vitamins and minerals in human nutrition, it has a great potential in exports. as well as it is an important vegetable due to its variety of vitamins, carotene, useful acids, sugar and minerals play an important role in human health. regarding the fact that tomato is one of the most significant products and its consumption is rising up day after day, ...

NPQ (non-photochemical quenching) is a fundamental photosynthetic mechanism by which plants protect themselves against excess excitation energy and the resulting photodamage. A discussed molecular mechanism of the so-called feedback de-excitation component (qE) of NPQ involves the formation of a quenching complex. Recently, we have studied the influence of formation of a zeaxanthin-chlorophyll ...

Pigments absorb light, transform it into energy, and provide reaction sites for photosynthesis; thus, the quantification of pigment distribution is vital to plant research. Traditional methods for the quantification of pigments are time-consuming and not suitable for the high-throughput digitization of rice pigment distribution. In this study, using a hyperspectral imaging system, we developed ...

cold stress is considered as a restricting factor in plant production. recently, many different compounds were applied to minimize the harmful effects of stress. in this study, the effects of foliar application of salicylic acid was studied on some biochemical properties of two different cold resistant canola cultivars. salicylic acid was sprayed at four concentrations (0, 100, 200 and 400 µm) ...