BACKGROUND Clock drawing is part of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test but may have administration and scoring limitations. We assessed (1) the reliability of the MoCA clock criteria relative to a published error scoring approach, (2) whether command-only administration could distinguish dementia from cognitively intact individuals and (3) the value of adding a clock copy condition t...

The Clock Drawing Test has been systematically used to assess visuospatial deficits related to the parietal lobes, but we now acknowledge its much more complex relation with other cognitive abilities. Despite its common use in clinical and investigational practices, no study has developed normative data for the Portuguese population. We present the distribution of clock drawing scores using thr...

Early detection of cognitive impairment can prevent or delay the progress of cognitive dysfunction. In the field of neurology, the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is one of the most popular instruments for detecting cognitive impairment in the elderly. In this paper, we present our preliminary study in developing the ClockReader System, a computerized sketch-based screening tool, based on the human ce...

We describe a sketch interpretation system that detects and classifies clock numerals created by subjects taking the Clock Drawing Test, a clinical tool widely used to screen for cognitive impairments (e.g., dementia). We describe how it balances appearance and context, and document its performance on some 2,000 drawings (about 24K clock numerals) produced by a wide spectrum of patients. We cal...

The CLOX is a clock drawing test used to screen for cognitive impairment in older adults, but there is limited normative data for this measure. This study presents normative data for the CLOX derived from a diverse sample of 585 community-dwelling older adults with complete cognitive data at baseline and 4-year follow-up. Participants with evidence of baseline impairment or substantial 4-year d...

BACKGROUND Impairment in non-motor functions such as disturbances of some executive functions are also common events in Parkinson's disease patients. OBJECTIVE To verify the performance of Parkinson's disease patients in activities requiring visuoconstructive and visuospatial skills. METHOD Thirty elderly patients with mild or moderate stages of Parkinson's disease were studied. The assessm...

Introduction Diagnosing neurocognitive disorders is challenging in low-educated individuals. Objective To report normative data for the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB) and to assess the association of age and education with performance on the BCSB in 240 community-dwelling elderly from Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo city. Methods The inclusion criteria were scoring above the educati...