With the beginning of Freud’s critique of psychoanalysis, a great change took place in the field of critique: since before Freudian psychoanalyzing method, all the critics were analyzing art and literatures based on artists’ conscious mind and their conscious intentions, but after that analyzers focus on unconscious mind to interpret artworks, and Jung who was one of his students, offered ideas...

the present research was conducted to explore the effect of employing two language teaching approaches, i.e. schema-based instruction (sbi) and translation-based instruction (tbi), on vocabulary knowledge, structure and reading comprehension ability of forty one female students learning english in grade one senior high school in rivash, kuhsorkh, iran. while sbi focuses on schemata, i.e. words ...

 Institution is the collective action in control, liberation, and expansion of individual action; so that individuals are identified and realized through their participation in institutions. In the institutionalist perspective, the question of planning goes beyond the dichotomy of public-private sectors, and is transmuted from being an individual or interpersonal activity to an aspect of govern...

in the past couple of decades sociocultural theory of sla and its implications in efl contexts have attracted attentions of research circles worldwide and aroused some controversies. firth and wagner (1997) have questioned the principles of the cognitive view which gives importance to mental constructs in favor of sociocultural view which highlights social and contextual constructs. but if soci...

testing plays a vital role in any language teaching program. it allows teachers and stakeholders, including program administrators, parents, admissions officers and prospective employers to be assured that the learners are progressing according to an accepted standard (douglas, 2010). the problems currently facing language testers have both practical and theoretical implications but the first i...

نمایشنامه به پیروی از ماهیت دوگانه اش، کارکردی دوگانه به خود می گیرد، بدین معنا که در هر دو نظام ادبی و تئاتری می تواند کارکردی مختص به خود یابد. هدف از انجام این پژوهش یافتن تفاوت ها میان ترجمه صفحه و ترجمه صحنه است.. پرسش مطرح شده عبارتست از: بر اساس مدل ارائه شده توسط لدوسر (1995)، تفاوت های ترجمه صفحه و ترجمه صحنه در چیست؟ یافته های این پژوهش حاکی از آن است که ترجمه صفحه به نمایشنامه ا...

the following question poped up: is there any relationship between iranian high school efl learners reading comprehension and listening comprehension? then the following null hypothesis (ho) was developed to the test the above, mentioned question. "there is no relationship between high school efl learners reading comprehension and listening comprehension. for nearly 16 weeks, the experimental g...

the aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency and the type of discourse markers used in the argumentative and expository writings of iranian efl learners and the differences between these text features in the two essay genres. the study also aimed at examining the influence of the use of discourse markers on the participants’ writing quality. to this end the discourse markers us...