response surface models predict crop yield based on crop density and this is an important tool for evaluation competition at different density and hence selection of optimum density based on yield. in order to study intra and inter specific competition in intercropping bean (phaseolus vulgaris) and sesame (sesamum indicum), an experiment was conducted at the agricultural research station, ferdo...

abstract: after the end of the cold war, were came up different views about nature and how to continue rival in international relations. some scholars of these fields were believe that with the end of ideological competition in the macro level in the world and with any rival hegemonic there is not any basis for more competition between countries and power blocks in the world . so it consider th...

This paper reports on a medical image processing algorithm competition that has been held annually in Japan from 2002 to 2010. It is the world’s oldest competition in the field of 3D medical image processing, and covers various targets: the liver, pancreas, hepatocellular carcinomas, and hepatic vascular and metastatic liver tumors. This paper presents the algorithm entries and results of the c...

Many factors could influence progress towards sympatric speciation. Some of the potentially important ones include competition, mate choice and the degree to which alternative sympatric environments (resources) are discrete. What is not well understood is the relative importance of these different factors, as well as interactions among them. We use an individual-based numerical model to investi...

Competitive behavior has often been presented as the ultimate engine of economic, technological, and scientific progress. Since all such progress is likely to imply some measure of social benefit, competition has been widely praised in modern western culture. However, competition can have very negative effects on social wellbeing. An early example is known as the "tragedy of the commons." The c...

The recent issue of Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology made an important and interesting theme “What is the Best Research for Low Income Countries?” (1). We enjoyed reading the paper; nevertheless we hope to find a chance to share our idea. It was mentioned that some, for sure not all, researchers from the developed countries might not have enough motivation to contribute to the scient...

A key element in the success of the 3rd International Planning Competition was the implementation of an automatic plan validator for PDDL2.1 , VAL. Over 5000 plans were generated by entrants, so it was clearly essential for evaluation of the results alone. VAL was a vital tool in the development process of competitors to develop their planners. This document describes the evolution of VAL to ha...

ning Systems Conference was the first of its kind. Its goal was to create planning domains that a wide variety of planning researchers could agree on to make comparison among planners more meaningful, measure overall progress in the field, and set up a framework for long-term creation of a repository of problems in a standard notation. A rules committee for the competition was created in 1997 a...

For 5 years now PDDL has been growing in complexity and size. With the languages success the field of Planning and Scheduling (P&S) has grown in the light of the International Planning Competition (IPC), in both complexity and popularity. It is proposed that now is the time to allow the community, as a whole, to drive the progress of PDDL and to create a community outside that of the competitio...