Several Congestion Management Mechanisms (CMMs) have been proposed for Multistage Interconnection Networks (MINs) in order to avoid the degradation of network performance when congestion appears. Most of them are based on Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN). For this purpose, switches detect congestion and, depending on the applied mechanism, some flags are marked to warn the source hosts. I...

This article provides an overview on the regulations of Chinese medicinal materials (CMMs) in various countries and regions. Harmonization of CMM monographs would provide standards for the quality control of CMM products and play an important role in the modernization and globalization of Chinese medicine. A harmonized regulatory system would improve the quality of CMMs thereby ensuring the saf...

T he deteriorating condition and adequacy of the nation’s transportation infrastructure has given rise to new concerns for the management of these systems. A key facet for effectively upgrading facilities and continuing their maintenance is accurate information on the features and conditions of the system. This information permits identifying deficient system elements, prioritizing maintenance ...

General preventive maintenance model for the components of a system, which improves the reliability to ‘as good as new,’ was used to optimize the maintenance cost. The cost function of a maintenance policy was minimized under given availability constraint. On the other hand, in order to ensure appropriate reliability and availability, the development of the optimal maintenanc...

In this report, we describe the preparation and electrochemical characterization of a Pt electrocatalyst, which was synthesized from hexachloroplatinic acid, using the incipient wetness impregnation method. This carbon mesoporous materials (Pt-CMMs) electrocatalyst was used for catalyzing the oxidation of methanol and its oxygen-reduction reaction. The electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol was...

In this paper, we wish to find a minimal data size in order to better conceptualize industrial maintenance activities. We based our study on data given by a Synthetic Hidden Markov Model. This synthetic model is intended to produce real industrial maintenance observations (or “symbols”), with a corresponding degradation indicator. These time series events are shown as Markov chains, also called...