Agriculture plays a great role in the economy of many countries including Tanzania where majority depends on agriculture-based activities for their livelihoods. Access to agricultural credit is vital growth and development sector Tanzania, hence financing agriculture key issue rural development. Despite effort Government make services available affordable its majority, access among smallholder ...

Optimal Price Indices for Targeting Inflation under Incomplete Markets In models with complete markets, targeting core inflation enables monetary policy to maximize welfare by replicating the flexible price equilibrium. In this paper, we develop a twosector two-good closed economy new Keynesian model to study the optimal choice of price index in markets with financial frictions. Financial frict...

T   he completed MCI includes three main channels of interest rate, exchange rate and credit rate. In developing countries such as Iran, this indicator, which contains a credit channel, could be better used to illustrate the country’s monetary condition. This study has been done to calculate this index for the period of 1978–2012. For this purpose, the function of the total economy demand ...

An inventory model is formulated with type-2 fuzzy parameters under trade credit policy and solved by using Generalized Hukuhara derivative approach. Representing demand parameter of each expert's opinion is a membership function of type-1 and thus, this membership function again becomes fuzzy. The final opinion of all experts is expressed by a type-2 fuzzy variable. For this present problem, t...

there are two main reasons for studying investment in an economy. first, the combination of firms? investment demand and household?s saving supply determines how much of an economys? resoures is invested. second, investment is highly volatile; thus investment demand may be important in the short-run fluctuations. the present article examins the relationship and veracity of existence of banks pr...