Background: The visual forms of individual trees in peri-urban forests are driven by a complex array simultaneous cause-and-effect relationships. Materials and Methods: Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), as specialized analytical technique, was used to model understand the interactions. It applied find out responses neighboring competition forest dominated Cotinus coggygria var. cinerea Engl. ...

An international track wheelchair (ITWC) with a center of gravity directional controller (COGDC) is described in this paper. The rules for international track competition disallow devices designed solely for steering. Equipment has been disqualified for having steering handles, crown compensators, and other lever systems. However, the rules do allow tie-rod linkage and the use of springs for da...

PURPOSE This study was to evaluate the marginal fit of two CAD-CAM anatomic contour zirconia crown systems compared to lithium disilicate glass-ceramic crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS Shoulder and deep chamfer margin were formed on each acrylic resin tooth model of a maxillary first premolar. Two CAD-CAM systems (Prettau®Zirconia and ZENOSTAR®ZR translucent) and lithium disilicate glass ceramic...

Banking competition may enhance or hinder the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises. Using a survey on the financing of such enterprises in China, combined with detailed bank branch information, we investigate how concentration in local banking market affects the availability of credit. We find that lower market concentration alleviates financing constraints. The widespread presence o...

Despite the government’s central role in Internet innovation, Vietnam has one of the lowest Internet subscription rates in the world. This paper presents an analysis of Internet innovation in Vietnam. It is argued that one of the major reasons for the modest success is that Internet innovation policy is influenced more by ideo-political than socio-economic realism. To further Vietnam’s integrat...

Although overstory trees limit the abundance and species richness of herbaceous vegetation in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) plantations, the responsible mechanisms are poorly understood because of confounding among limiting factors. In fall 1998, research was initiated to determine the separate effects of aboveand belowground competition and needlefall from overstory pines on understory...

Abstract Analysis of spatial patterns to describe the correlation between a tree location and marks (i.e., structural variables), can reveal stand history, population dynamics, competition symbiosis. However, most studies have concentrated on sizes rather than crown asymmetry especially with direct analysis among characterizing facilitation trees, thus cannot cause distributions locations quant...