BACKGROUND Recently, quality is a serious concern in development of organizations. There are various indicators to assess quality and the purpose of this study was to identify the main indicators for quality measurement of Iranian health centers. METHODS This qualitative study was conducted in three stages: first, review of the literature was performed to identify different indicators for qua...

[1] We test the performance of proxy-based climate field reconstruction methods using sets of synthetic proxy climate indicators. ‘Pseudoproxies’ are constructed through the degradation of instrumental surface temperature data by additive noise with variable statistical properties. Experiments are performed using pseudoproxy networks of varying spatial and seasonal representation and with varyi...

Šavel J., Košin P., Brož A. (2010): Anaerobic and aerobic beer aging. Czech J. Food Sci., 28: 18–26. Yellow, orange, red and brown pigments are formed by air oxidation of single polyphenols or by thermal degradation of sugars to caramels. Caramels increase their colours during anaerobic heating or decrease them by air oxidation. Epicatechin and caramel undergo reversible redox reaction followed...

The National Park of Las Tablas de Daimiel in Central Spain is a wetland area of great value regarding biodiversity and wildlife habitat. This type of ecosystem is unique within a semi-arid climate and especially sensitive to degradation processes caused by growing pressure on natural resources (agricultural practices, groundwater depletion and land use change) as well as climatic changes. The ...

The research shows that widely used key measures of vegetation structure (species diversity, projected cover and above-ground phytomass) are not always suitable as indicators of pasture degradation. Based on an analysis above-ground phytomass composition, new quantitative indices are offered that give a more realistic picture of rangeland condition in Mongolia.

A number of indicators and signals that lend themselves to monitoring by remote-sensing satellites provide a warning of land degradation. These include loss of vegetative cover, wind and water erosion, soil salinization, deterioration of the soil structure, drier soil, increased reflectance, higher land surface temperatures, and changes in land cover type. But because soil and vegetation change...

Chlorophyll degradation products are preserved in marine sediments over timescales of thousands of years. The production of chlorophyll in the water column is related to biological productivity, so chlorophyll degradation products (chlorins) preserved in marine sediments can be used as indicators of paleoproductivity. A new, rapid, nondestructive method of determining chlorin concentrations in ...