Demand response (DR) of large industrial electricity consumers is a promising option to balance the fluctuating supply by renewable energies in grid. Renewable energy technologies themselves depend on copper as key material. At same time, production power-intensive process but its DR potential has not yet been quantified detail via scheduling. Here, we analyze optimally scheduling batch and con...

This paper proposes an Optimal Power Flow (OPF) algorithm by Direct Load Control (DLC) programs to optimize the operational cost of smart grids considering various scenarios based on different constraints. The cost function includes active power production cost of available power sources and a novel flexible load curtailment cost associated with DLC programs. The load curtailment cost is based ...