Environmental monitoring and enforcement are controversial and incompletely understood. This survey reviews what we do and do not know about the overall effectiveness, as well as the cost effectiveness, of pollution monitoring and enforcement. We ask five key questions: What do environmental monitoring and enforcement actions look like in the real world? How do we assess environmental complianc...

The panel data literature on deterrence and capital punishment contains a wide range of empirical claims despite the use of common data sets for analysis. We interpret the diversity of findings in the literature in terms of differences in statistical model assumptions. Rather than attempt to determine a “best” model from which to draw empirical evidence on deterrence and the death penalty, this...

The conventional justification for a statute of limitations on tort suits (or any other legal claim) is that evidence deteriorates over time, thereby increasing the likelihood of legal error. The optimal statute balances this cost of a longer statute length against the dilution in deterrence that results from a shorter length. In this paper I develop a formal model to show that a finite statute...

Bees visit flowers to collect nectar and pollen that contain nutrients and simultaneously facilitate plant sexual reproduction. Paradoxically, nectar produced to attract pollinators often contains deterrent or toxic plant compounds associated with herbivore defence. The functional significance of these nectar toxins is not fully understood, but they may have a negative impact on pollinator beha...

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the strength of evidence on the effectiveness of two policy levers-the experience rating of workers' compensation insurance and the enforcement of occupational health and safety regulation-in creating incentives for firms to focus on health and safety issues. METHODS An extensive systematic literature review was undertaken in an effort t...

Winning and Losing the Nuclear Peace: The Rise, Demise, Revival of Arms ControlMichael Krepon. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2021. £36.00/$45.00. 628 pp.Inspectors for A History International Atomic Energy AgencyElisabeth Roehrlich. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins 2022. £44.50/$59.95. 329 pp.Brazil in Global Order, 1945–2018Carlo Patti. £40.50/$54.95. 294 pp.Tempting Fate: Why Nonnuclea...