Influencing discretionary driver behaviours in Australia relies very much on the coercive strategy of deterrence. This paper stems from a thorough review of deterrence theory and risk taking carried out in 2002-03 for the Land Transport Safety Authority, New Zealand (Elliott, 2003). The paper begins by exploring the definition of deterrence leading to the proposition that if motorists do not re...

Many philosophers endorse deterrence justifications of legal punishment. According to these justifications, punishment is justified at least in part because it deters offenses. These justifications rely on empirical assumptions, e.g., that non-punitive enforcement can’t deter or that it can’t deter enough. I’ll challenge these assumptions and argue that extant deterrence justifications of legal...

In a survey of Australian citizens (valid N = 1,406), personal and social norms were found to moderate effects of deterrence on tax evasion. Personal, internalized norms of tax honesty were negatively related to tax evasion and moderated the effects of deterrence variables (i.e., sanction severity), suggesting deterrence effects only when individual ethics were weak. Perceived social norms, bey...

In a simulation model, the relative advantage of negative versus positive allometry of defense, that is, early versus delayed defensive investment, depends on the forms of the relationships between body size and growth, body size and mortality deterrence, and defense size and mortality deterrence. Positive allometry is favored by strongly sigmoidal growth, a strongly convex body-size/deterrence...

Objectives Investigate how different model assumptions have driven the conflicting findings in the literature on the deterrence effect of capital punishment. Methods The deterrence effect of capital punishment is estimated across different models that reflect the following sources of model uncertainty: (1) the uncertainty about the probability model generating the aggregate murder rate equation...

This study looks into the employment of deterrence to reduce security breaches within organisations. The result reveals that current deterrence is less influential. This study suggests that organisations should shift towards the detection of violations and the identification of perpetrators. The research also presents a conceptual architecture of multiple strategies. Keywords— Information Secur...

Cyberattacks from a variety of perpetrators are constantly rising. To achieve restraint from attacks, deterrence theory has long been considered a valuable concept. How do criticisms of classical deterrence apply in this relatively new domain, and how does cyberdeterrence differ? Can offensive cyber capabilities be effective in deterring adversaries or must kinetic retaliation be “on the table”...

This Article discusses the deterrence of crime through sanctions. It begins with a brief intellectual history of deterrence theory in the work of Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham, two Enlightenment philosophers who created the conceptual foundation for later deterrence and rational choice theory. Although a prominent intellectual current by the end of the 1700s, interest in deterrence and rat...

Objective. Focused deterrence strategies are increasingly being applied to prevent and control gang and group-involved violence, overt drug markets, and individual repeat offenders. Given the growing popularity of this approach, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the extant evaluation evidence is needed to determine the crime reduction benefits of the approach. Methods. Our examination of...