It is increasingly recognized that vitamin D3 (VitD3) has an anti-inflammatory activity. The present study investigated the effects of maternal VitD3 supplementation during pregnancy on LPS-induced placental inflammation and fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). All pregnant mice except controls were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (100 μg/kg) daily from gestational day (GD)15-17. I...

Objective. The present study was performed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of miR-99a on LPS-induced endothelial cell inflammation, as well as the regulation of NF-κB on miR-99a production. Methods and Results. ELISA showed that LPS treatment significantly promoted the secretion of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1). LPS treatment also inhibited miR-99a production an...

We utilized a line of transgenic mice expressing Photinus luciferase complementary DNA (cDNA) under the control of a nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB)-dependent promoter (from the 5' human immunodeficiency virus-1 [HIV-1] long terminal repeat) to examine the role of NF-kappaB activation in the pathogenesis of systemic inflammation induced by bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]). Afte...

BACKGROUND Itaconic acid is on the DOE (Department of Energy) top 12 list of biotechnologically produced building block chemicals and is produced commercially by Aspergillus terreus. However, the production cost of itaconic acid is too high to be economically competitive with the petrochemical-based products. Itaconic acid is generally produced from raw corn starch, including three steps: enzym...

Rifampicin is a macrocyclic antibiotic which is used extensively for treatment against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections. Recently, a number of studies have focused on the immune-regulatory effects of rifampicin. Therefore, we hypothesized that rifampicin may influence the TLR2 expression in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. In this study, we determined that rifampicin ...

AIM To investigate whether ketamine suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced increase in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activity in the intestines of rats. METHODS Six groups of rats received one of the following: normal saline control, LPS (5 mg/kg) plus saline, LPS (5 mg/kg) plus ketamine (0.5 mg/kg), LPS (5 mg/kg) plus ketamine (2.5 mg/kg),...

The role of lipid peroxidation products in atherogenesis was studied. We investigated whether 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) modulates activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB system or alters expression of the NF-kappaB target gene product, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in combination with interferon (IFN)-gamma (LPS...

AIM: To study the effects of α-pinene on nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the expression of the inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα) in human monocyte THP-1 cell line. METHODS: THP-1 cells were incubated with α-pinene (1, 10, and 100 mg/L, for 30 min) before being stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/L, 30 min). The location of NF-κB p65 subunit (NF-κB/p65) in THP-1 cells wa...

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) to synthesize or release pyrogenic cytokines, including interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) influences inflammatory responses through the regulation of genes encoding cytokines. In the present study, experiments were carried out to determine whe...

We investigated counteracting interactions between the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Escherichia coli (Ec-LPS) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg-LPS), which induce cellular activation through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2, respectively. We found that Ec-LPS induced tolerance in THP-1 cells to subsequent tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta) induction b...