PURPOSE Weak direct currents induce lasting alterations of cortical excitability in animals and humans, which are controlled by polarity, duration of stimulation, and current strength applied. To evaluate its anticonvulsant potential, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was tested in a modified cortical ramp-stimulation model of focal epilepsy. METHODS The threshold for localized s...

This study investigated the effect of anodal tDCS on motor control and corticomotor excitability in healthy controls, with the long-term goal of investigating the use of anodal tDCS to improve motor function in covertly aware vegetative state patients. Experiment I investigated the effects of anodal tDCS on a motor reaction time task, and found no effect of tDCS on performance, whether or not p...

30 31 In this pilot study we evaluated electroencephalographic (EEG) mean frequency changes induced 32 by prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and investigated whether they 33 depended on tDCS electrode montage. Eight healthy volunteers underwent tDCS for 15 minutes 34 during EEG recording. They completed six tDCS sessions, one week apart, testing left and right 35 direct c...

Network based conductivity reconstruction method is introduced using the third Maxwell’s equation, or Faraday’s law, for a static case. The usual choice in electrical impedance tomography is the divergence free equation of the electrical current density. However, if the electrical current density is given, the curl free equation of the electrical field gives a direct relation between the curren...

Optical and magneto-optical properties of amorphous Gd22Fe78 (GdFe) thin films prepared by direct current (DC) sputtering on thermally oxidized substrates were characterized by the combination of spectroscopic ellipsometry and magneto-optical spectroscopy in the photon energy range from 1.5 to 5.5 eV. Thin SiNx and Ru coatings were used to prevent the GdFe surface oxidation and contamination. U...

In this paper, the nonlinear rate equations governing a quantum dot laser isused to simulate the transient as well as the steady-state behaviors of the laser.Computation results show that the rate equations are capable of simulating true behaviorof a quantum dot laser. Then, the pump rates of the rate equations (which show indirectelectrical pumping of the quantum dots through a wetting layer) ...